Separation and determination of volatile hydrides by gas chromatography with a gold gas-porous electrode detector

Gifford, P. R.; Bruckenstein, Stanley

doi:10.1021/ac50057a008

Cited by 26 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Sir: Recently, a new method for determining trace solutes in solution, which we have termed pneumatoamperometry, has been described (1)(2)(3). The method consists of reacting a trace dissolved solute, S, with a suitable reactant, R, to produce a volatile electroactive species, P. By use of nonelectroactive gas, P is purged from solution and the gas stream containing P is impinged upon a gas-sensing electrode.…”

Section: Theory Of the Pneumatoamperometric Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The method consists of reacting a trace dissolved solute, S, with a suitable reactant, R, to produce a volatile electroactive species, P. By use of nonelectroactive gas, P is purged from solution and the gas stream containing P is impinged upon a gas-sensing electrode. Two types of electrode structures have been used, a Clark-type electrode (1) and a fuel-cell type structure (2)(3) the gold gas-porous electrode, Au GPE. The purpose of this report is to describe a first-order theory for the current-time response of the gas-sensing electrode under conditions where the purging gas is always in equilibrium with P when it is stripped from the well-mixed solution and plug flow may be assumed throughout the apparatus.…”

Section: Theory Of the Pneumatoamperometric Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Theory of the pneumatoamperometric method

Béran¹,

Bruckenstein²

1980

Anal. Chem.

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Section: Theory Of the Pneumatoamperometric Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theory Of the Pneumatoamperometric Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theory of the pneumatoamperometric method

Béran¹,

Bruckenstein²

1980

Anal. Chem.

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“…In this way, several substances can be determined simultaneously using a single recording [38,41]. It is thus obvious that MePME can be employed as an electrochemical detector for gas chromatography [9, 241.…”

Section: Pneumtoamperometry With Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical applications of metallized membrane electrodes

Opekar

1989

Electroanalysis

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A survey o f the analytical applications o f metallized membrane electrodes with both porous and nonporous membranes is presented with emphasis on the methods for determining substances in solution that can be transferred to the gas phase and, thus, determined by the membrane electrode (pneumatoamperometry and pneumatopotentiometry). In this way, a high sensitivity of determination and considerable selectivity can be attained.Metallized membrane electrodes represent an important group of membrane electrodes. The indicator electrode, a porous metal layer formed on the surface of the membrane, is immersed in the electrolyte solution. The unmetallized side o f the membrane is in contact with the analyzed medium. Polytetrafluoroethylene (IYTFE) and polyethylene (PE) are the most frequently used membrane materials.As with other types of membrane electrodes, the main uses o f metallized membrane electrodes in electroanalytical chemistry are found in (1 ) the determination of gaseous SUbStdllCeS in gaseous media and liquid media where the gaseous substances are either present or can be suitably generated from the substances present, and (2) the effective elimination of contact between the indicator electrode and substances in the analyzed medium that would decrease its activity as well as to substances that, to a certain degree, interfere in the determination.Compared to other types o f membrane electrodes (primarily Clark-type electrodes with electrolyte films), the advantages of metallized membrane electrodes are discussed in the literature l e g , 1, 21. Both nonporous permeable membrane (MeME) and porous membrane (MePME) electrodes are employed. NONPOROUS AND POROUS M J W I B M E SThe membrane electrode is connected with the analyzed medium solely through the membrane; consequently, the electrode properties are decisively affected by the properties of the membrane, primarily its transport characteristics.Transport through a nonporous membrane occurs by activated diffusion [3, 41. Material flux through the membrane is a function of the permeation coefficient, P , = DJ,, where D,, is the diffusion coefficient and S, is the solubility coefficient of the gas in the membrane material. Transport through the porous membrane occurs through diffusion in the gaseous phase filling the membrane pores. The material flux is a function of the diffusion coefficient D,. As D, + P,, the material flux through a porous membrane is much greater under otherwise comparable experimental conditions than that through a nonporous membrane. The time constant of a membrane electrode, 12/D (wherre I is the membrane thickness), is also a function of the diffusion coefficient. As D, > D,, the response time of a porous membrane electrode is much lower than that of a nonporous membrane electrode.The temperature dependence of transport processes through a nonporous membrane is exponential in character. Depending on the membrane material, the temperature coefficient varies from 1 to 5%/"C. Transport processes in the pores usually have a smal...

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“…Gas diffusion electrodes incorporating a solid polymer electrolyte (13)(14)(15)(16)(17) have found application in fuel cells and as gas sensors. A related concept is pneumatoamperometry in which volatile analytes pass through a hydrophobic porous membrane to reach the detection electrode (18)(19)(20)(21)(22).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%