Separation and identification of tryptamine-related indole bases by gas chromatographic methods

Holmstedt, Bo; Vandenheuvel, W.J.A.; Gardiner, W.L.; Horning, E. C.

doi:10.1016/0003-2697(64)90040-5

Cited by 42 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Tryptamine derivatives being present in intoxicating snuffs used by native people in South America were determined by GC with argon ionization detection after derivatization with hexamethyldisilazane [1], by GC-FID [2], or by GC-flameionization detector (FID) in combination with TLC and GC-MS [3]. DMT in ayahuasca (a South American psychotropic beverage) and in human plasma after dosing with ayahuasca was quantified by TLC and HPLC-UV detector (UVD) [4] and by GC-nitrogen-phosphorus detector (NPD) [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of tryptamine derivatives in illicit synthetic drugs by capillary electrophoresis and ultraviolet laser-induced fluorescence detection

et al. 2005

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A method based on separation by capillary electrophoresis combined with UV-laser-induced fluorescence detection (Lambdaex = 266 nm) was developed for the determination of nine tryptamine derivatives of forensic interest and potential matrix constituents. The composition of the separation electrolyte was optimized with respect to the resolution of solutes of interest and to the sensitivity of fluorescence detection. Native alpha-cyclodextrin was employed as a complex forming modifier of the electrophoretic separation and fluorescence-enhancing agent. With the help of a stacking procedure, limits of detection of 0.1-6 microg/L for all analytes were obtained. The repeatability for the peak area (at a concentration of the analyte about 100 times the LOD) was less than 2.3% RSD. A second HPLC method was developed, and its analytical parameters were evaluated for an estimation of the accuracy of the CE-LIF method and for method comparison. The results of the determination of tryptamine derivatives in the samples of forensic interest obtained with the two independent methods are in good agreement.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of tryptamine derivatives in illicit synthetic drugs by capillary electrophoresis and ultraviolet laser-induced fluorescence detection

et al. 2005

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“…A gas Chromatographie method for the separation and identification of the indolic bases present in plant material has been reported by Holmstedt et al (1964) and has been successfully applied to plant products (Holmstedt, 1965). By applying mass spectrometry to the fractions separated by gas chromatography, Holmstedt (1967) has developed a powerful method of identification, which he has applied with success to South American snuffs and plants.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Basic Constituents of Toad Venoms

Deulofeu¹,

Rúveda²

1971

Venomous Animals and Their Venoms

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“…[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] However, the major ionization source used in GC/MS Loved) and TiHKAL (Tryptamines i Have Known and Loved), is electron impact (EI) and, in many cases, acquiring parent ions respectively. 1,2 Unfortunately, these compounds have been abused of the analytes is a difficult task.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Separation and Detection of 18 Phenethylamine/Tryptamine Derivatives by Liquid Chromatography–UV Absorption and –Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Hsiao

Liu²,

Lin

2009

ANAL. SCI.

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The optimal conditions for the separation and detection of a mixture of 18 phenethylamine/tryptamine derivatives were determined, using liquid chromatography/UV-absorption (LC/UV) and liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC/ESI MS) methods, respectively. Complete separation could be achieved within ~25 min using gradient elution (A, 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution/pH 2.5; B, acetonitrile). The limit of detection (LOD at S/N = 3) obtained by LC/UV-absorption (absorption wavelength, 280 nm) was in the range from 0.3 to 3 mg/mL. In contrast, when the LC/ESI MS method was used, the LODs for primary, secondary and tertiary amines were in the ranges 0.1 -3.0, 0.1 -0.2, and 0.05 -1.8 mg/mL, respectively. The lower LOD obtained for a tertiary amine can be attributed to the fact that its ionization efficiency (during the ESI process) is better than the others. In order to improve the LOD of a primary/secondary amine, a derivatization procedure was used in which the chemical structure was altered to a secondary/tertiary amine, via a reaction with acetic anhydride. As a result, the LODs for primary/secondary amines could be significantly improved. The characteristic mass fragmentations of the 18 phenethylamine/tryptamine derivatives, as well as the products of the reaction with acetic anhydride, were investigated, and the data were reported. A urine sample was obtained by spiking urine from a volunteer with the 18 derivatives, and after liquid-liquid extraction the sample was examined by LC/UV and LC/ESI MS, respectively. The extraction procedures used for the urine sample and the experimental conditions for the separation and detection were optimized.

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Separation and identification of tryptamine-related indole bases by gas chromatographic methods

Cited by 42 publications

References 13 publications

Determination of tryptamine derivatives in illicit synthetic drugs by capillary electrophoresis and ultraviolet laser-induced fluorescence detection

Determination of tryptamine derivatives in illicit synthetic drugs by capillary electrophoresis and ultraviolet laser-induced fluorescence detection

The Basic Constituents of Toad Venoms

Simultaneous Separation and Detection of 18 Phenethylamine/Tryptamine Derivatives by Liquid Chromatography–UV Absorption and –Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

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