Separation and Kinetic‐Spectrophotometric Determination of Ketoconazole from Formulations Using SDS‐Coated Al₂O₃and KMnO₄ in Alkaline‐SDS Micellar Medium

Abstract

A kinetic method for the accurate and sensitive determination of Ketoconazole (KC) has been described. The method is based on the alkaline oxidation of KC with KMnO4 in micellar SDS medium. At a fixed time of 8 min, the formed manganate ion is spectrophotometrically measured at 610 nm. The determination of KC by the fixed‐concentration and rate constant methods is feasible with the calibration equation obtained, but the fixed time method proves to be more applicable. The proposed method was successfully used for the quantitative determination of KC in formulations after the complete separation of KC using SDS‐coated Al2O3 as a suitable solid‐phase extraction system in comparison to liquid‐liquid extraction using poisonous organic solvents. Beer's law was obeyed from 0.4 to 28 μg mL−1 and the RSD% values for tablet, cream and shampoo samples were 1.8, 1.4 and 2.3, respectively. The results obtained agreed with those obtained by the USP method.

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified glassy carbon electrode for sensitive determination of ketoconazole

“…The linear regression equation could be expressed as I(mA) ¼ 2.08 Â 10 6 c(mol L À1 ) + 0.8887, r ¼ 0.9982. The detection limit (3 S/N) was estimated to be 4.4 Â 10 À7 mol L À1 (0.23 mg L À1 ), lower than the results obtained with capillary zone electrophoresis, high performance liquid chromatography and spectrophotometry methods, 10,13 and voltammetric methods using polished silver solid amalgam electrodes 18 and platinum electrodes. 19 On the other hand, the DPV current of KC on the GCE was also observed to be linearly proportional to the concentration of KC.…”

“…8,9 Hence, it is important to determine KC in biological fluids and pharmaceutical formulations. Various analytical methods such as high-performance liquid chromatography, [10][11][12] spectrophotometry 13,14 and capillary zone electrophoresis 15 have been reported for the determination of KC. Although these methods can achieve satisfactory results, they usually require expensive equipments, time-consuming extraction or separation steps.…”