Separation and Purification of Astragalus membranaceus Polysaccharides by Deep Eutectic Solvents-Based Aqueous Two-Phase System

Abstract

(1) Background: Aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) have been widely used in the separation and purification of bioactive substances in recent years. (2) Methods: In this study, deep eutectic solvents (DESs)-based ATPSs were employed for the extraction and separation of Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharides (AMP). The optimal DES (choline chloride:urea = 1:1) was first screened to extract AMP, and the effect of DES concentration, solid–liquid ratio, pH, extraction temperature, and extraction time on the extraction yield of AMP were investigated. (3) Results: The maximum extraction yield was 141.11 mg/g under the optimum conditions. AMP was then preliminarily purified by ATPS, to further realize the recycling and reuse of DES. The effect of type of salts, salt concentration, and extraction temperature on extraction efficiency was investigated. The extraction efficiency was 97.85% for AMP under the optimum ATPS conditions. Finally, the obtained AMP was studied by molecular weight determination, infrared spectroscopy analysis, and monosaccharide composition analysis. (4) Conclusions: This ATPS extraction based on DESs is simple, environmentally friendly, low-cost, and has high extraction efficiency, which provides new ideas for the extraction of plant polysaccharides and other bioactive compounds.

Combination of a Deep Eutectic Solvent and Macroporous Resin for Green Recovery of Iridoids, Chlorogenic Acid, and Flavonoids from Eucommia ulmoides Leaves

“…The high viscosity of DESs has been noted to restrict their usage due to mass transfer obstruction [37][38][39]. Thus, the impact of water percentage on extraction efficiency is demonstrated in Figure 1d.…”

“…This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of 10 DESs in extracting iridoids, chlorogenic acid, and flavonoids from EULs. The high viscosity of DESs has been noted as restricting their usage due to mass transfer obstruction [37][38][39]. Therefore, a 20% (v/v) moisture content in combination with several DESs was employed.…”

Exploring carbohydrate extraction from biomass using deep eutectic solvents: Factors and mechanisms

“… 147 Astragalus membranaceus Choline Chloride: Urea 1:1 60°C, 90 min, water content: 80%, L/S = 40 mL/g, ultrasound AMPs (141.11%) Liu et al. 148 Paecilomyces hepiali Choline Chloride: Succinic Acid 1:3 85°C, 1.7 h, water content: 30%, L/S = 50 mL/g, water bath Total sugar (12.78%) Wang et al. 149 Pomelo (Citrus grandis (L . )…”