Separation and Purification of Papain Crude Extract from Papaya Latex Using Quaternary Ammonium Ionic Liquids as Adjuvants in PEG-Based Aqueous Two-Phase Systems

Chitosan flakes for papain immobilization: improving the stability and reusability of the enzyme

“…Papain extraction involved mixing the latex with a 0.1 N buffer solution containing high-purity citric acid (≥99.5%), sodium phosphate (≥99.0%), and EDTA (≥98.0%) in equal proportions (1:1:1), resulting in the extraction of papain mass (in grams). This mix was followed by centrifugation at 3,000 g for 5 min (Yu and Zhang, 2020) the effect of adding different quaternary ammonium ionic liquids (ILs). In this study, the effect of buffer concentrations ranging from 2.0 to 14.0 mL per gram of C. papaya latex on the yield of purified papain was investigated.…”

“…Papain, being a thiol protease, exhibits the capacity to cleave peptide bonds, specifically those involving aromatic amino acid residues like arginine, lysine, or glutamine in the carbonyl group. This chemical attribute enables the extraction of papain from latex by employing mild acids along with a chelating agent such as EDTA (Yu and Zhang, 2020) the effect of adding different quaternary ammonium ionic liquids (ILs). With regard to pH effects, this study did not detect any significant deviations from the initial acidic pH of 6.5 present in the papaya latex.…”

Improvement effect of p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene on the performance of the PEG/salt aqueous two-phase system

“…[1][2][3][4] However, to date, the application of the most common ATPSs, consisting of a polymer and a salt, is still limited because of the restricted difference in polarities between the two phases. 5 Recently, adjuvants including hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), 6,7 dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium (AOT), 8 ionic liquids, [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] and acetonitrile 16 were introduced into polymer/salt ATPSs to enhance the ATPS performance. However, the enhancement effect of these adjuvants on the formation and behavior of ATPSs is usually limited, and the additives can even reduce the extraction ability of ATPSs.…”

Simultaneous Prediction, Determination, and Extraction of Four Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Environment Using a UCON–NaH2PO4 Aqueous Two-Phase Extraction System Combined with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Ultraviolet Detection

“…In recent years, a two-phase system has had a good application prospect in the separation and purification of biological substances and has been widely used because of its advantages of environmental friendliness, low toxicity, and good biological compatibility. This method has been successfully applied in the purification of glycyrrhizin (GA) and glycyrrhizin (LQ) from glycyrrhizin [ 24 ], extraction of phenolic compounds [ 25 ], separation of polysaccharide mixtures (dextran and dextran sulphate) [ 26 ], separation and purification of papain crude extract from papaya milk [ 27 ], protein separation [ 28 ], and penicillin separation [ 29 ]. Compared with traditional organic solvent extraction and solid phase extraction, aqueous two-phase extraction has the advantages of environmental friendliness, continuous operation, and easy amplification, which also promotes the rapid development of green separation technology [ 30 ].…”