Separation and Recovery of Potassium Chloride from Sintering Dust of Ironmaking Works

Cui, Peng; Zhang, Fuli; Guo, Zhancheng

doi:10.2355/isijinternational.49.735

Cited by 30 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Many processes have been or are being developed worldwide to recover the values from the dust or sludge or render them nonhazardous through stabilization or vitrification. 3,4) These can be pyrometallurgical, 5,6) Hydrometallurgical, [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] or a hydration of both. 18) However, finding a cost-effective and environmental-friendly process remains the major challenge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal Behavior of Zn, Pb, K and Na from Cold Bonded Briquettes of Metallurgical Dust in Simulated RHF

Cui

Zhang

et al. 2009

ISIJ Int.

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Removal behavior of Zn, Pb, K and Na from cold bonded briquettes made by mixing four typical metallurgical wastes, as blast furnace dust, converter dust, electric arc furnace dust and converter sludge with proper proportions, in a simulated RHF (Rotary Hearth Furnace) were investigated in this paper. Effects of temperature and C/O molar ratio on metallization rate of iron oxides, and effect of temperature on removal rate of elements Zn, Pb, K and Na were checked respectively. The results show that when reduction temperature, C/O molar ratio, reduction time are 1 300°C, 1 and 15 min respectively, removal rates of Zn, Pb, K and Na are 97.1 %, 99.4 %, 94.5 % and 89.6 % respectively, at the same time the metallization rate is 80.6 %, which can meet demands of the blast furnace. X-ray mapping analysis via scanning electron micrograph (SEM) for Zn, Pb, K and Na in the cold bonded briquettes at different reduction time and different selected areas tells that Zn, Pb, K and Na located in edge of the briquettes remove faster than those located in the center of briquettes. The dust arrested in the reduction process, called as secondary dust, is proved to be mixture of mainly Zn, ZnO, KCl and NaCl by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and SEM EDS (energy-dispersive spectrometry), and contents of Zn and KCl are obtained as over 60 % and nearly 20 % respectively, while Pb is probably in an insufficient amount to be detected. Water leaching tests arrive at a conclusion that primary separation of Zn and Pb from K and Na is obtained as expected, meanwhile content of element Zn increases from 57.9 % in the initial secondary dust to 73.6 % as ZnO in the leaching residual.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal Behavior of Zn, Pb, K and Na from Cold Bonded Briquettes of Metallurgical Dust in Simulated RHF

Cui

Zhang

et al. 2009

ISIJ Int.

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“…There is no detectable difference in K levels for some samples whereby further analysis would be required for validation. As water washing has been proven an efficient method for potassium removal [69] meaning citrate may have no conclusive impact.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential of Remedial Techniques for Hazard Reduction of Steel Process by Products: Impact on Steel Processing, Waste Management, the Environment and Risk to Human Health

Rodgers

McLellan

Cuthbert

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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The negative impact from industrial pollution of the environment is still a global occurrence, and as a consequence legislation and subsequent regulation is becoming increasingly stringent in response, in particular, to minimising potential impact on human health. These changes have generated growing pressures for the steel industry to innovate to meet new regulations driving a change to the approach to waste management across the industrial landscape, with increasing focus on the principles of a circular economy. With a knowledge of the compositional profiles of process by-products, we have assessed chemical cleaning to improve environmental performance and minimise disruption to manufacturing processes, demonstrating re-use and recycling capacity. We show that with a knowledge of phase composition, we are able to apply stabilisation methods that can either utilise waste streams directly or allow manipulation, making them suitable for re-use and/or inert disposal. We studied blast furnace slags and Portland cement mixes (50%/50% and 30%/70%) with a variety of other plant wastes (electrostatic precipitator dusts (ESP), blast furnace (BF) sludge and basic oxygen furnace (BOF) sludge) which resulted in up to 90% immobilisation of hazardous constituents. The addition of organic additives i.e., citric acid can liberate or immobilise problematic constituents; in the case of K, both outcomes occurred depending on the waste type; ESP dust BF sludge and BOF fine sludge. Pb and Zn however were liberated with a 50–80% and 50–60% residue reduction respectively, which generates possibilities for alternative uses of materials to reduce environmental and human health impact.

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“…Sinterplant dust could be a source of potassium for the fertilizer industry [202]. Peng et al recovered 90% of the potassium in sinter-plant dust by leaching with water in a liquid-to-solid ratio of 2 for 5 min [203]. With a counter-current process, close to 100% of the KCl could be leached, but 40% of the other components dissolved.…”

Section: Sinter-plant Dustmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrometallurgical Processes for the Recovery of Metals from Steel Industry By-Products: A Critical Review

Binnemans

Jones

Fernández

et al. 2020

J. Sustain. Metall.

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The state of the art for the recovery of metals from steel industry by-products using hydrometallurgical processes is reviewed. The steel by-products are different slags, dusts, and sludges from a blast furnace (BF), basic oxygen furnace (BOF), electric arc furnace (EAF), and sinter plant, as well as oily mill scale and pickling sludge. The review highlights that dusts and sludges are harder to valorize than slags, while the internal recycling of dusts and sludges in steelmaking is inhibited by their high zinc content. Although the objectives of treating BF sludges, BOF sludges, and EAF dust are similar, i.e., the removal of zinc and the generation of an Fe-rich residue to be returned to the steel plant, these three classes of by-products have specific mineralogical compositions and zinc contents. Because wide variations in the mineralogical composition and zinc content occur, it is impossible to develop a one-size-fits-all flow sheet with a fixed set of process conditions. The reason for the interest in EAF dust is its high zinc content, by far the highest of all steel by-products. However, EAF dust is usually studied from the perspective of the zinc industry. There are not only different concentrations of zinc, but also variations in the all-important ZnO/ZnFe2O4 (zincite-to-franklinite) ratio. In many chemical processes, only the ZnO dissolves, while the ZnFe2O4 is too refractory and reports to the residue. It only dissolves in concentrated acids, or if the dust is pre-treated, e.g., with a reductive roasting step. The dissolution of ZnFe2O4 in acidic solutions also brings significant amounts of iron in solution. Finally, due to its high potassium chloride content, sinter-plant dust could be a source of potassium for the fertilizer industry. Graphical Abstract

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Separation and Recovery of Potassium Chloride from Sintering Dust of Ironmaking Works

Cited by 30 publications

References 18 publications

Removal Behavior of Zn, Pb, K and Na from Cold Bonded Briquettes of Metallurgical Dust in Simulated RHF

Removal Behavior of Zn, Pb, K and Na from Cold Bonded Briquettes of Metallurgical Dust in Simulated RHF

The Potential of Remedial Techniques for Hazard Reduction of Steel Process by Products: Impact on Steel Processing, Waste Management, the Environment and Risk to Human Health

Hydrometallurgical Processes for the Recovery of Metals from Steel Industry By-Products: A Critical Review

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