Separation and recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries via concentrated sulfuric acid leaching and regeneration of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2

Fan, Xiaoping; Song, Chao; Lu, Xifei; Shi, Ying; Yang, Shenglong; Zheng, Fenghua; Huang, Youguo; Liu, Kui; Wang, Shaoyi; Li, Qingyu

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.158775

Cited by 59 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In general, coke can be removed by calcination under a certain condition; however, it is challenging to regenerate a sintered metal catalyst with high utilization of both metals and supports. Metals are usually recovered by acid pickling using organic acids or strong mineral acids, and the regeneration of catalysts can be achieved after reloading of a metal on the new support, causing the problems of complicated operations, high cost, and environmental pollution. , As reported, Su et al skillfully designed a process to regenerate the Ni/Al 2 O 3 catalyst, in which the deactivated Ni/Al 2 O 3 catalyst was calcined at high temperature to simultaneously carry out the carbon elimination and solid-phase reaction between NiO and Al 2 O 3 to form NiAl 2 O 4 spinel, and the Ni/Al 2 O 3 catalyst could be regenerated after reduction in H 2 flow with highly dispersed Ni particles . Thus, it is attractive to develop an efficient and ingenious method to regenerate the deactivated silica-supported metal catalysts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Metals are usually recovered by acid pickling using organic acids or strong mineral acids, and the regeneration of catalysts can be achieved after reloading of a metal on the new support, causing the problems of complicated operations, high cost, and environmental pollution. 32,33 it is attractive to develop an efficient and ingenious method to regenerate the deactivated silica-supported metal catalysts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis and Regeneration of Ni-Phyllosilicate Catalysts Using a Versatile Double-Accelerator Method: A Comprehensive Study

Chen

Liu

2021

ACS Catal.

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Nickel phyllosilicate materials were usually prepared by the conventional hydrothermal method under severe conditions and ammonia evaporation method with unavoidable ammonia emission. To address these problems, a versatile double-accelerator method was proposed in this work, which could successfully synthesize nickel phyllosilicates through the hydrothermal treatment of silica and nickel nitrate at a quite low temperature of 40 °C or in an open system at 80 °C without autogenous pressure assisted by ammonium fluoride (NH4F) and urea. NH4F could accelerate the etching of silica to form the intermediate H4SiO4, and urea could facilitate the formation of a Ni(OH)2 intermediate, resulting in the quick formation of Ni-phyllosilicates. In addition, this method exhibited high universality to prepare various metal (Ni, Co, and Cu) phyllosilicates, and both silica materials and sodium metasilicate could be the potential silicon-containing precursors to prepare Ni-phyllosilicates. Furthermore, the sintered Ni/SiO2 catalyst could also be regenerated after in situ acid pickling and double-accelerator synthesis without decline of catalytic activity. The optimal Ni-phyllosilicate catalyst (N/D-120-12) prepared by the double-accelerator method exhibited a high CO2 conversion of 78.4% and a CH4 yield of 74.5% at 400 °C, which also obtained a low E a of 63.93 kJ·mol–1 and a high TOFCO2 (160 °C) of 3.1 × 10–2 s–1 for CO2 methanation. In situ DRIFTS results demonstrated that the presence of more m-HCOO– species on N/D-120-12 resulted in its high catalytic performance. Moreover, N/D-120-12 also exhibited high long-term and hydrothermal stability with an excellent anti-sintering property.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Regeneration of Ni-Phyllosilicate Catalysts Using a Versatile Double-Accelerator Method: A Comprehensive Study

Chen

Liu

2021

ACS Catal.

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“…Fan and co-workers reported a coprecipitation process for renovating spent LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Co 1/3 O 2 (SNCM) cathode materials by employing NaOH alkaline coprecipitate agent, [82] in which the highly pure Ni 1/3 Co 1/3 Co 1/3 (OH) 2 was found to be the coprecipitated intermediates formed from leach liquor. Impressively, the microstructures of regenerated LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Co 1/3 O 2 (RNCM) cathode materials were well repaired as same as fresh ones.…”

Section: Coprecipitation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Intelligent Regeneration of Cathode Materials for Sustainable Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Jin

Zhang

2022

Advanced Energy Materials

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policies in clean energy industry. [10][11][12] As shown in Figure 1a, it is conservatively estimated that the shipment volume of LIBs in 2025 (439.32 GWh) is nearly doubled compared with that in 2021 (237.44 GWh) and the corresponding global market closes to $106.81 billion, mainly resulting from the great popularization of electric vehicles. In addition, based on market analysis and forecast, the percent of LIBs with lithium iron phosphate (LFP) and lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (NCM) cathode materials is continuously increasing at a high speed (Figure 1b), which will firmly dominate the market for a long time because of their notably technical advantages. [13,14] There is no doubt that the mature LIBs industry really brings a great number of benefits to our life, such as the convenience and cleanliness. [15][16][17] However, as every coin has two sides, some key issues behind the popularized LIBs applications cannot be neglected. Lithium (Li) metal and other transitional metals (TMs) like cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), and manganese (Mn) have been consumed in large quantities to manufacture the cathode materials for fulfilling the tremendous production of LIBs. [18][19][20][21] These metallic resources are rare on the earth with high cost and limited geographic distribution. Moreover, the Co and Ni metals are toxic, which are not environmental-friendly and jeopardize to human health. [11,[22][23][24] Therefore, in the back of prosperity of LIBs, we are also facing the emerging resources crisis and seriously secondary environmental pollution problems as long as the massive retired LIBs are present and not appropriately treated in following several years. [25][26][27] To make "Waste-be-Wealth," the effective strategy should be employed to tackle the waste LIBs problems in a green and sustainable way. [28,29] Nowadays, the conventional pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical technologies are only two existing industrial approaches in recycling the cathode materials of retired LIBs, which, yet, just focus on the recovery target of rare metallic resources (e.g., Co, Ni, and Li) from faded cathode materials. [30,31] As illustrated in Figure 2, in terms of the pyrometallurgical method, it usually involves the high temperature process to smelt the end-of-life cathode materials, in which the valuable metal elements are sintered into alloy forms after several purification and separation processes. Thus, this process usually needs high energy consumption and will unavoidably Explosively increased market penetration of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in electric vehicles, consumer electronics, and stationary energy storage devices has recently aroused new concerns on nonrenewable metal resources and environmental pollution because of the forthcoming wave of retired popularized LIBs. Recycling the retired LIBs in an environmentally sustainable and cost-effective way thus becomes much urgent and imperative. As a preferable route, the direct regeneration strategy has been innovatively proposed to repair degraded cathode mat...

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“…Many researches have been done to reprepare new cathode materials. The main repreparation methods can typically be classified in four types: hydrothermal method, [107][108][109] solid phase method, [110][111][112] coprecipitation, [113][114][115] and sol-gel. [116][117][118] Hydrothermal method uses a thermal treatment process to replenish lost lithium resources in cathode materials.…”

Section: Regeneration Of Cathode Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances and Challenges on Recycling the Electrode and Electrolyte Materials in Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

Wu¹,

Xu²

2022

MatLab

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Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), as the advanced power batteries with comprehensive performance, have widely used in electric vehicles (EVs), military equipment, aerospace, consumer electronics, and other fields. With the surge in demand for LIBs, the number of spent LIBs has increased rapidly. However, if the spent LIBs just are simply landfilled, the hazardous components contained in them such as heavy metals and organic electrolytes will pollute the environment, and ultimately threaten human health. In addition, some valuable components will be wasted by landfill, especially high-value metal elements contained in cathode. Thus, the recycling of spent LIBs is a “two birds with one stone” strategy which is not only beneficial to environmental protection but also has high economic value. Accordingly, great efforts have been made to develop efficient and cost-effective recycling processes for spent LIBs recovery. In line with the recycling process, this review first presents a series of pretreatment progresses (disassembling, inactivation, dismantling, and separation) and discusses the problems and challenges involved (automation, environmental protection, and cost, etc.). Second, we summarize and discuss the current recovery and regeneration technologies for cathode materials, including pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy and electrochemistry. In addition, advances in the recovery of anode and electrolyte are also introduced. Finally, based on the current state of recycling, we cautiously make some suggestions and prospects for the future recycling of spent LIBs, with a view to providing more ideas for the recycling of used LIBs.

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Separation and recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries via concentrated sulfuric acid leaching and regeneration of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2

Cited by 59 publications

References 40 publications

Synthesis and Regeneration of Ni-Phyllosilicate Catalysts Using a Versatile Double-Accelerator Method: A Comprehensive Study

Synthesis and Regeneration of Ni-Phyllosilicate Catalysts Using a Versatile Double-Accelerator Method: A Comprehensive Study

Advances in Intelligent Regeneration of Cathode Materials for Sustainable Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Advances and Challenges on Recycling the Electrode and Electrolyte Materials in Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

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