Separation and Recycling of Spent Carbon Cathode Blocks in the Aluminum Industry by the Vacuum Distillation Process

Wang, Yaowu; Peng, Jianping; Di, Yuezhong

doi:10.1007/s11837-018-2858-4

Cited by 49 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…According to statistics, China produces about 500,000 tons of spent cathode carbon blocks from aluminum electrolysis every year 2 , and there is no effective treatment method. At present, most aluminum smelters use open stacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion coefficient analysis of aluminum electrolysis spent cathode as anode material for lithium-ion battery

Huang

Peng

et al. 2022

Ionics

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The aluminum electrolysis spent cathode (SC) was treated by hydrothermal method and used as anode material for lithium-ion battery. The purified SC material shows excellent electrochemical performance. In order to understand the diffusion behavior of Li + in the SC electrode, the diffusion coefficient of Li + in the SC electrode was systematically analyzed by galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results show that the diffusion coefficient (D Li + ) of Li + in SC electrode is calculated by CV is 2.2292×10 -11 cm 2 •s -1 , which is calculated by GITT and EIS ranges are 4.2286×10 -13 -2.9667×10 -10 cm 2 •s -1 , 4.05×10 -13 -3.87×10 -12 cm 2 •s -1 , respectively. SC electrode exhibits better Li + diffusion kinetics compared to commercial graphite (CG). In addition, the full cell of LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2/SC also shows excellent cycle performance. After 80 cycles at 1 C (1 C=172 mA•g -1 ), the specific discharge capacity of LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2/SC full-cell can reach 94.7 mAh•g -1 , and the capacity retention can reach 98.13%. The fast lithium-ion diffusion rate and high discharge capacity provide a feasible direction for the high value utilization of aluminum electrolysis spent cathode.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion coefficient analysis of aluminum electrolysis spent cathode as anode material for lithium-ion battery

Huang

Peng

et al. 2022

Ionics

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“…It has been reported that a large amount of sodium occupying 5%-10% of the cathode block can be produced, and can penetrate into the carbon cathode blocks during aluminum electrolysis [14]. Although some researchers have suggested that sodium can react with carbon to form an intercalation compound (NaxC) [15,16], most researchers believe that adsorption between the graphene layers and in spaces associated with lattice defects is the major mechanism for sodium uptake in the carbon cathode blocks, and that the sodium is still in the form of a metal.…”

Section: Results and Discussion 31 Sodium-penetrated Graphite Characmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of aluminum carbide formation in aluminum electrolysis cells

Wang

Hao

Peng

et al. 2020

J min metall B Metall

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The formation and dissolution of aluminum carbide is considered the primary factor affecting the life of aluminum electrolysis cells. Herein, the characteristics of sodium-graphite intercalation compounds (Na-GICs)were measured and the formation mechanism of Al4C3duringthe aluminum electrolysis process was experimentally studied. The Na-GIC characteristics and the products of aluminum and Na-GIC reactions were investigated by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that graphite can react with the sodium metal to form Na-GICs, which were detectable by Raman spectroscopy. Sodium that inserted into the graphite layered structure acted as an intercalation agent to change the original graphite layered structure and increase the volume and specific surface area of graphite. Further, Al4C3wasproduced by using sodium-graphite intercalation compounds and aluminum as materials. Thus, the presence of sodium plays an important role in the formation process of Al4C3in aluminum electrolysis cells.

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“…Currently, massive methods for harmless and resource treatment of the spent cathode carbon have been developed, which could be divided into three methods of pyrometallurgical, hydrometallurgical, and pyro and hydro metallurgical corporation processes. The pyrometallurgical process, mainly referring to methods of combustion and vacuum evaporation [8][9][10][11], shows advantages on big processing capacity, simple operation and efficiently detoxification of fluoride and cyanide components. In the combustion process, some calcium compounds (e.g., CaO, CaCO3, and Ca(OH)2) are added to transform and solidify the soluble fluoride into CaF2, Ca4Si2F2O7 and Ca12Al14F2O22, and meanwhile the cyanide is oxidative decomposed into N2 and CO2 [12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the massive consumption of high-quality graphite carbon from the spent cathode carbon causes it difficult to be carried out in an industrial application. In the vacuum evaporation process, the temperature and vacuum pressure affects the fluoride and cyanide removal rates greatly [10,11,15]. The soluble fluoride content could be reduced to 3.5 mg/L and the cyanide was completely decomposed under the conditions of vacuum pressure of 3000 Pa and temperature of 1700°C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immobilization of fluorides from spent carbon cathode in a copper smelting slag

Tian

2022

J min metall B Metall

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The fluorides from spent carbon cathodes could be effectively solidified in a molten copper smelting slag (FeO-Fe3O4-SiO2-CaO-Al2O3) in forms of CaF2 and Ca4Si2F2O7. The results of thermodynamic analysis, chemical analysis, and XRD and EPMA analyses showed that the F solidification efficiency increased with the CaO amount and decreased with the addition of Al2O3 and SiO2. In addition, it was noteworthy that the F solidification efficiency decreased with an excessive CaO amount, which could be ascribed to the consumption of SiO2 through forming CaSiO3 and Ca3Si2O7. It restricted the solidification of the fluoride into Ca4Si2F2O7. Under the conditions of melting temperature of 1300?C, residence time of 60 min and N2 flow rate of 40 ml/min, the optimum CaO and NaF amounts were found to be 20 wt.% and 6 wt.% respectively, in which the F solidification efficiency in the copper smelting slag of FeO-Fe3O4-SiO2-CaO-Al2O3 obtained 98.35%.

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Separation and Recycling of Spent Carbon Cathode Blocks in the Aluminum Industry by the Vacuum Distillation Process

Cited by 49 publications

References 3 publications

Diffusion coefficient analysis of aluminum electrolysis spent cathode as anode material for lithium-ion battery

Diffusion coefficient analysis of aluminum electrolysis spent cathode as anode material for lithium-ion battery

Mechanism of aluminum carbide formation in aluminum electrolysis cells

Immobilization of fluorides from spent carbon cathode in a copper smelting slag

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