Separation and Spectrophotometric Determination of Iron (III) and Mercury (II) via Cloud Point Extraction with New Azo-Derivative

ABSTRACT. For the enrichment of iron(III) prior to spectrophotometric determination, displacement cloud point extraction (D-CPE) technique was applied depending on the difference in stability constant of metal complexes. Zinc(II) as gallic acid complex was first separated into a Triton X-100 surfactant. Then, once the aqueous phase has been removed, the sample containing Fe(III) is added, and another CPE process is performed. Because Fe-GA has a higher stability than Zn-GA, Fe(III) can displace Zn(II) from the pre-extracted Zn-GA, allowing for Fe(III) separation from the complex sample matrix and its spontaneous spectrophotometric determination at 560 nm. The effects of pH, ligand, and surfactant quantities, temperature and heating time, centrifuge processes, and interferences were all studied. At the optimal conditions, the calibration graph was linear from 0.5 to 500 µg L-1 with enrichment factor of 75.0. The LOD was 0.15 µg L-1 and the RSD was 1.3% for 60 µg L-1 of Fe(III), n = 10. Accuracy was also evaluated using the standard reference substance (SRS) and flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) approaches. This procedure was used for separation and micro-determination of Fe(III) in water and fruit tests (banana, strawberry, lemon, orange, and peaches) with recoveries ranged from 96.5 to 105%. KEY WORDS: Displacement cloud point extraction, Iron, Spectrophotometry, Fruit samples Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(1), 1-10. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i1.1

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“…Longer centrifugation times did not result in any substantial improvement. As a result, these conditions were chosen as optimum [30]. Recovery %…”

Section: The Impact Of Centrifugal Timementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 2 shows a comparison of Fe(III) D-CPE approaches with other CPE approaches. In comparison to the other techniques, this methodology has a lower LOD, and a better EF [29][30][31][32].…”

Section: The Applications and Accuracymentioning

confidence: 99%

Displacement cloud point extraction procedure for preconcentration of iron(III) in water and fruit samples prior to spectrophotometric determination

Azooz¹,

Shabaa²,

Al-Muhanna³

et al. 2022

Bull. Chem. Soc. Eth.

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“…Sc(III) is separated above pH=4 from the other lanthanides [31]. In another research, the extraction of iron and mercury in food samples is excellent at pH 9 by using an azo compound [methyl phenyl thiazolylazo azo]-3-methyl-4-methoxy-2-naphthol (MPTAN) and tritonX-100 as a surfactant [32]. Due to the presence of 4-(pylorophenyl)-1-(pyridine-2-yl) thiosemicarbazide (HCPTS) in the presence of TritonX-114 in the form of Pt(IV) as a steady hydrophobic species with thiosemicarbazide derivation, it was possible to separate Pt(II) from Pt(IV) at pH 7.…”

Section: The Ph Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Fundamentals and Recent Applications of Micellar System Extraction for Nanoparticles and Bioactive Molecules: A Review

Azooz¹,

Ridha²,

Abdulridha³

2021

Nano BioMed ENG

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The basics and uses of the micellar system extraction technique (MSE) for extracting and preconcentrating nanoparticles and bioactive compounds (medicines and vitamins) are covered in this review. Hence, the influential factors of the MSE and applications are offered. The MSE, like any separation process, extracts the analytes in a small phase from the solution to improve analysis quality and remove sample background interference. The MSE has several advantages over other preconcentration and separation methods, such as speed, cheapness, security, selectivity, and safety. The use of toxic organic solvents is reduced or ignored, and the process is economical and environmentally friendly. In the latest works of literature, three different procedures use to extract nanomaterials. So bioactive molecules were separated by two methods with MSE, and this review also provided newly-developed MSE.

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“…A variety of methods have been used for this purpose, including liquid-ion exchange (LIE) [9,10], solvent extraction (SE) [11], flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) [12], spectrophotometric study [13], liquid chromatography [14], kinetic spectrophotometry [15], and cloud point extraction (CPE) [16]. However, The CPE is a sensitive preconcentration and isolation procedure for abundant analytes with several advantages over traditional solvent extraction [17][18][19]. CPE is a quick, cost-effective, fast, precise, and selective process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation and Micro Determination of Zinc(II) and Cadmium(II) in Food Samples Using Cloud Point Extraction method

Wannas

Azooz

Ridha

et al. 2023

Iraqi Journal of Science

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The cloud point extraction technique has become increasingly popular in recent years for trace metal separation and preconcentration. When heated to a specific temperature, cloud point extraction utilizes the property of nonionic surfactants in aqueous solutions to generate micelles and become turbid (so-called cloud point temperature). For analytical chemists, developing a simple and selective technology for the separation and determination of metals and medicinal drugs is a critical concern. Therefore, a sensitive, accurate, and green cloud point extraction (CPE) procedure was developed for the micro-determination of metal cations like zinc (II) and cadmium (II) in food samples. Triton X–114 and 1-(4-(Phenyldiazenyl) phenyl) azo naphthalene-2-ol (Sudan III) were used as extractants. Sudan III forms an ion-pair association complex with metal ions when the pH is 9. In the presence of 5 ppm zinc (II) or 4 ppm cadmium (II) in an aqueous solution, the maximum extraction efficiency should be achieved. In order to create Cloud Point Temperature (CPT) quantitatively, the extraction applications in this approach required heating at 85°C for 20 minutes. In this work, the impacts of different surfactants, pH, stoichiometry, and various organic reagents on interferences as well as spectrophotometric determination were explored. The linearity ranges of zinc (II) and cadmium (II) were 0.25-700 and 0.25-400 ppm, respectively. The results show low detection limits of 0.035 and 0.042 ppm for zinc (II) and cadmium (II), respectively. Also, the quantification limits for zinc (II) and cadmium (II) are 0.116 and 0.140 ppm, respectively.

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Separation and Spectrophotometric Determination of Iron (III) and Mercury (II) via Cloud Point Extraction with New Azo-Derivative

Cited by 12 publications

References 18 publications

Displacement cloud point extraction procedure for preconcentration of iron(III) in water and fruit samples prior to spectrophotometric determination

Displacement cloud point extraction procedure for preconcentration of iron(III) in water and fruit samples prior to spectrophotometric determination

The Fundamentals and Recent Applications of Micellar System Extraction for Nanoparticles and Bioactive Molecules: A Review

Separation and Micro Determination of Zinc(II) and Cadmium(II) in Food Samples Using Cloud Point Extraction method

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