SEPARATION OF CHLOROPHYLLS c1c2, AND c3 OF MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON BY REVERSED‐PHASE‐C18‐HIGH‐PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY1

Kraay, Gijsbert W.; Zapata, Manuel; Veldhuis, Marcel J.W.

doi:10.1111/j.0022-3646.1992.00708.x

Cited by 214 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In addition to spectrophotometers (UV-VIS) and fluorescence detectors, DAD's are increasingly used in pigment analysis (Wright et al 1991, Almela et al 1992, Epler et al 1992, Kraay et al 1992, van Heukelem 1992, Tsavalos et al 1993, Jeffrey et al 1997, Descy et al 2000. Initially DAD's were developed for the UV range (Meyer 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of major photosynthetic pigments in freshwater algae. 2. Dinophyta, Euglenophyta, Chlorophyceae and Charales

Schagerl

Pichler

Donabaum³

2003

Ann. Limnol. - Int. J. Lim.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of major photosynthetic pigments in freshwater algae. 2. Dinophyta, Euglenophyta, Chlorophyceae and Charales

Schagerl

Pichler

Donabaum³

2003

Ann. Limnol. - Int. J. Lim.

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“…Pigments were separated on a Nucleosil wide-pore C 18 -column (MachereyNagel, Düren, Germany) by applying a gradient according to ref. 36 and quantified as described in ref. 35.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Algae displaying the diadinoxanthin cycle also possess the violaxanthin cycle

Lohr

Wilhelm²

1999

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

274

229

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According to general agreement, all photosynthetic organisms using xanthophyll cycling for photoprotection contain either the violaxanthin (Vx) cycle or the diadinoxanthin (Ddx) cycle instead. Here, we report the temporal accumulation of substantial amounts of pigments of the Vx cycle under prolonged high-light stress in several microalgae thought to possess only the Ddx cycle. In the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, used as a model organism, these pigments also participate in xanthophyll cycling, and their accumulation depends on de novo synthesis of carotenoids and on deepoxidase activity. Furthermore, our data strongly suggest a biosynthetic sequence from Vx via Ddx to fucoxanthin in P. tricornutum. This gives experimental support to the long-stated hypothesis that Vx is a common precursor of all carotenoids with an allenic or acetylenic group, including the main light-harvesting carotenoids in most chlorophyll a͞c-containing algae. Thus, another important function for xanthophyll cycling may be to optimize the biosynthesis of light-harvesting xanthophylls under f luctuating light conditions.Fluctuating light intensities pose a serious problem to all photosynthetic organisms: in low light (LL), it is highly desirable to collect photons as efficiently as possible, but when light intensities become supersaturating for photosynthesis, there must be ways to protect the organism from potential damage by excess energy absorption. Carotenoids fulfill important functions in both situations, in light harvesting as well as in photoprotection (for reviews, see refs. 1-3).Within the last decade (4, 5), it has been recognized that in higher plants, the reversible conversion of the xanthophylls violaxanthin (Vx), antheraxanthin (Ax), and zeaxanthin (Zx; see Fig. 1) in the so-called xanthophyll cycle (6, 7) is intimately related to the ability of the plants to regulate the dissipation of surplus absorbed light energy on a short-term time scale. Zx, which is formed from Vx by enzymatic deepoxidation when the pH in the thylakoids drops below a critical level (8), is thought to enhance thermal dissipation, and two main mechanisms have been proposed (9-12). Recently the isolation of mutants defective in synthesis or cycling of xanthophylls has offered new possibilities for studying the influence of different carotenoids on energy dissipation in vivo (13,14).In several algal groups such as the diatoms, the dinophytes, and the haptophytes, which together are largely responsible for oceanic primary production (15), the Vx cycle is replaced by a xanthophyll-cycle alternating diadinoxanthin (Ddx) with diatoxanthin (Dtx) (16). This cycle comprises a single deepoxidation step, because only one of the ionon rings of Ddx carries an epoxide group. Epoxidation of the second ionon ring by the respective xanthophyll-cycle epoxidase does not occur, probably because of steric constraints caused by the acetylenic bond at C-7Ј (Fig. 1). As is the case with Zx, the formation of Dtx correlates with a higher ability for nonradiative relax...

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“…Acetone is rated as being non-toxical, whereas highly efficient extracting agents, such as dimethyl sulfoxide or dimethyl formamide, are classified as being carcinogenic. Occasionally, alcohols like 2-propanol (Scholz & Ballschmiter 1981), methanol (Kraay et al 1992, Wright & Shearer 1984, ethanol (Nusch 1980, Sartory 1985, or mixtures (Abaychi & Riley 1979) are prefered to acetone. However, the potential extraction efficiency of individual solvents remains to be controversial.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides chl-c 2 (Jeffrey 1976, Wright et al 1991, faint traces of chl-c 1 were detected, too (Rhodomonas sp. ; Kraay et al 1992). …”

Section: Cryptophytamentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of major photosynthetic pigments in freshwater algae. 1. Cyanoprokaryota, Rhodophyta and Cryptophyta

Schagerl

Donabaum²

2003

Ann. Limnol. - Int. J. Lim.

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SEPARATION OF CHLOROPHYLLS c₁c₂, AND c₃ OF MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON BY REVERSED‐PHASE‐C18‐HIGH‐PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY¹

Cited by 214 publications

References 13 publications

Patterns of major photosynthetic pigments in freshwater algae. 2. Dinophyta, Euglenophyta, Chlorophyceae and Charales

Patterns of major photosynthetic pigments in freshwater algae. 2. Dinophyta, Euglenophyta, Chlorophyceae and Charales

Algae displaying the diadinoxanthin cycle also possess the violaxanthin cycle

Patterns of major photosynthetic pigments in freshwater algae. 1. Cyanoprokaryota, Rhodophyta and Cryptophyta

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