Separation of fatty alcohol polyethoxylates by capillary electrophoresis through easy electroosmotic flow control with a quaternary diammonium salt

Sebastiano, Roberto; Citterio, Attilio; Righetti, Pier Giorgio; Simó‐Alfonso, Ernesto Francisco; Ramis‐Ramos, Guillermo

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2004.06.119

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…Working under these experimental conditions, the reproducibility of the derivatizing reaction was about 2%, expressed as RSD. Other methods described in the literature for the derivatization of FAE require longer times (1 to 6 h) [16,20,21]. The phenyl polyurethanes obtained are positively charged in acidic media (glacial acetic acid), and the process is faster than the other reactions reported in the literature [15].…”

Section: Selection Of the Derivatizing Reagent And Optimization Of Thmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…For example, reagents such as phthalic acid and its anhydrides [6,16,20], or 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride [21] have been proposed. The reaction with PIC is proposed in this article and it introduces the absorbing group into the FAE molecules.…”

Section: Selection Of the Derivatizing Reagent And Optimization Of Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Norton and Shamsi [12] used CEC for separation of the various nonionic surfactants such as Triton X-100 oligomers. Sebastiano et al [20] separated EON 6-FAE by CZE, previously derivatized using phthalic and maleic anhydrides, using a derivatization procedure that required long reaction times (90 to 240 min). Desbène et al [21] analyzed neutral surfactants (KM-20), previously derivatized with 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride, by NACE using an EOF reversal mode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid characterization of fatty alcohol ethoxylates by non‐aqueous capillary electrophoresis

et al. 2008

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Fatty alcohol ethoxylates (FAE) (a mixture of nonionic surfactants) have been characterized using NACE with UV detection. Phenyl polyurethane derivatives of these compounds were previously obtained by reaction with phenyl isocyanate. The derivatization reaction only requires microwave irradiation for 30 s (600 W). Phenyl polyurethanes were separated and characterized using a BGE containing a mixture of ammonium nitrate (15 mM), acetic acid (1.5%) and 9:1 v/v methanol/ACN. After optimization of the instrumental conditions for the separation, phenyl polyurethane compounds (formed from the corresponding FAE) with ethylene oxide numbers (EON) of 6 (certified standard and industrial samples), 7 and 10 (both as industrial samples), and 5.5 (microemulsion phase) were successfully separated and characterized. The properties of these FAE nonionic surfactants are very important in the petroleum industry, which requires characterization of the quality of the purchased materials as well as the final products in the microemulsion-oil-water stream process. This analytical objective has been achieved by the proposed NACE methods, allowing FAE to be distinguished from 5.5 to 10 EON with errors below 4%, and shows advantages against to HPLC methods.

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Section: Selection Of the Derivatizing Reagent And Optimization Of Thmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Selection Of the Derivatizing Reagent And Optimization Of Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid characterization of fatty alcohol ethoxylates by non‐aqueous capillary electrophoresis

et al. 2008

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“…Weak modulation of the mobilities of the various PEGs and PPGs is obtained, in the case of free-solution CZE, by addition of organic solvents, such as THF or ACN, whereas, in the case of MEKC, this effect is obtained at high levels (80 mM) of surfactant (SDS) in presence of 30% ACN. We have recently taken a different approach in the separation of a similar class of compounds (fatty alcohol polyethoxylates) [12] by acting on the modulation of the EOF with one member of a family of quaternarized amines able to strongly interact with the silica wall, namely 1,4-di-(4-aza-1-azonia-bicyclo[2.2.2]-octane)butane diiodide (M7C4M7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic and inorganic di‐cations for capillary silica coating and EOF modulation in CE: Example of application in PEG analysis

et al. 2006

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EOF measurements, by using 1,4-di-(4-aza-1-azonia-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane)butane diiodide, barium and strontium tetraborate as silica wall modifiers, are reported and, as an example of application, analysis of PEG (PEG 400-2000) polydisperse preparations in free solution CZE is shown. PEGs have been derivatized with phthalic anhydride so as to form singly or doubly charged derivatives with strong UV absorbance at 214 nm. Whereas separations in plain tetraborate buffer, pH 9.0, without any EOF control, did not lead to good resolution of all-size oligomers and suffered from long analysis times, excellent resolution of all oligomers up to 40 ethylene oxide (EO) units could be obtained under EOF control. Such EOF modulation was engendered by addition of 1 mM M7C4M7, a doubly charged organic cation able to stick tenaciously to the silica wall. Further modulation of EOF and silica surface modification could be achieved also by addition of inorganic cations, notably those of group II, whereas monovalent cations did not seem to affect much the EOF flux. Among the doubly charged cations investigated, Ca++, Mg++, Sr++ and Ba++, the latter did seem to offer best EOF control and reproducible runs. A judicious blend of M7C4M7 (0.33-1 mM range) with barium (10-20 mM range) allowed baseline resolution of all PEG oligomers investigated up to PEG 2000 and >40 EO units in length. In this last case, best results in terms of reproducibility and separation efficiency of the more heavy homologues were obtained using Li+ salt in small amounts.

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“…Thus, commercial CE instruments equipped with optical detectors have been most widely used up to our time. Finally, the properties of the surface of the fused-silica capillary have thoroughly been studied, permitting varying the EOF in the desirable manner [2][3][4][5]. As a consequence, CE separations are carried out using mostly (close to 100%) fused-silica capillaries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CE separation of various analytes of biological origin using polyether ether ketone capillaries and contactless conductivity detection

2009

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The development of efficient and sensitive analytical methods for the separation, identification and quantification of complex biological samples is continuously a topic of high interest in biological science. In the present study, the possibility of using a polyether ether ketone (PEEK) capillary for the CE separation of peptides, proteins and other biological samples was examined. The performance of the tubing was compared with that of traditional silica capillaries. The CE analysis was performed using contactless conductivity detection (C(4)D), which eliminated any need for the detection window and was suitable for the detection of optically inactive compounds. In the PEEK capillary the cathodic EOF was low and of excellent stability even at extremes pH. In view of this fast biological anions were analyzed using an opposite end injection technique without compromising separation. A comparison of the performances of fused-silica and polymer capillaries during the separation of model sample mixtures demonstrated the efficiency and separation resolution of the latter to be higher and the reproducibility of the migration times and peak areas is better. Furthermore, PEEK capillaries allowed using simple experimental conditions without any complicated modification of the capillary surface or use of an intricate buffer composition. The PEEK capillaries are considered as an attractive alternative to the traditional fused-silica capillaries and may be used for the analysis of complex biological mixtures as well as for developing portable devices.

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Separation of fatty alcohol polyethoxylates by capillary electrophoresis through easy electroosmotic flow control with a quaternary diammonium salt

Cited by 8 publications

References 39 publications

Rapid characterization of fatty alcohol ethoxylates by non‐aqueous capillary electrophoresis

Rapid characterization of fatty alcohol ethoxylates by non‐aqueous capillary electrophoresis

Organic and inorganic di‐cations for capillary silica coating and EOF modulation in CE: Example of application in PEG analysis

CE separation of various analytes of biological origin using polyether ether ketone capillaries and contactless conductivity detection

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