Separation of Free Glycerol and Glycerides from Biodiesel by Means of Liquid-Liquid Extraction

Petračić, Ana

doi:10.11648/j.sjee.20170504.12

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Uklanjanje zaostalih neželjenih komponenata provedeno je ekstrakcijom pomoću niskotemperaturnog eutektičkog otapala na bazi kolin klorida koje se prethodno pokazalo kao pogodno otapalo za uklanjanje glicerola i glicerida iz sirovog biodizela. 25 Biodizel je sintetiziran pri masenom omjeru KOH : metanol : mast = 1 : 40 : 100. Kako je biodizel ostao u kapljevitom stanju, ekstrakcija je provedena pri sobnoj temperaturi.…”

Section: Sinteza Biodizelaunclassified

Deep Eutectic Solvents for Purification of Waste Animal Fats and Crude Biodiesel

Petračić¹,

Sander²,

Ćurić³

et al. 2019

Kem. ind. (Online)

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U ovom je radu istražena mogućnost primjene niskotemperaturnih eutektičkih otapala za ekstrakcijsku deacidifikaciju otpadnih životinjskih masti te uklanjanje glicerola i glicerida iz sirovog biodizela. Istraživanje je uključilo odabir povoljnog katalizatora te masenog omjera katalizatora, metanola i masti koji bi rezultirali najvećom konverzijom triglicerida u metilne estere masnih kiselina. Definirano je potrebno vrijeme pročišćavanja sirovog biodizela te optimalan maseni omjer otapala i sirovog biodizela. Ekstrakcijskom deacidifikacijom pomoću niskotemperaturnog eutektičkog otapala na bazi kalijeva karbonata uspješno je reducirana kiselost sirovine uz relativno mali utrošak otapala (maseni omjer otapala i masti: 0,25 : 1,00) i kratko vrijeme trajanja procesa (30 min). Kalijev hidroksid pokazao se kao učinkovitiji katalizator. Udio katalizatora u reakcijskoj smjesi utječe više na konverziju masti od udjela metanola. Udio glicerola i glicerida reduciran je ekstrakcijom pomoću niskotemperaturnog eutektičkog otapala na bazi kolin klorida na vrijednosti manje od standardom propisane vrijednosti (EN 14214:2019). Odabrano se otapalo pokazalo selektivnim zbog toga što nije došlo do redukcije udjela metilnih estera. Pri masenom omjeru otapala i biodizela 1 : 1 i 90 min trajanja ekstrakcije postignuti su najbolji rezultati. Pročišćeni biodizel također zadovoljava standard kvalitete s obzirom na udio estera, gustoću i viskoznost.

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Section: Sinteza Biodizelaunclassified

Deep Eutectic Solvents for Purification of Waste Animal Fats and Crude Biodiesel

Petračić¹,

Sander²,

Ćurić³

et al. 2019

Kem. ind. (Online)

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“…According to literature [29], extraction efficiency could be enhanced by using a higher temperature. Higher temperatures should reduce glycerol retention, as it was observed in the studies where the effect of temperature on glycerol removal was brought into relation with the concentration factor (CF).…”

Section: Integrated Production and Purification Of Biodiesel-batch Reactor Versus Microreactormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Taking into consideration that 60-80% of the production costs belongs to the purification steps, it can be concluded that a cheaper and more efficient solution needs to be found [28]. Lately, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are attracting more and more attention as a potential solution for biodiesel purification [29]. A DES is a binary or ternary mixture consisting of a hydrogen bond donor (HBD) and a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA), which forms a hydrogen bond [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous Integrated Process of Biodiesel Production and Purification—The End of the Conventional Two-Stage Batch Process?

et al. 2021

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In this research, optimization of the integrated biodiesel production process composed of transesterification of edible sunflower oil, catalyzed by commercial lipase, with simultaneous extraction of glycerol from the reaction mixture was performed. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were used in this integrated process as the reaction and extraction media. For two systems, choline chloride:glycerol (ChCl:Gly) and choline chloride:ethylene glycol (ChCl:EG), respectively, the optimal water content, mass ratio of the phase containing the mixture of reactants (oil and methanol) with an enzyme and a DES phase (mass ratio of phases), and the molar ratio of deep eutectic solvent constituents were determined using response surface methodology (RSM). Experiments performed with ChCl:Gly resulted in a higher biodiesel yield and higher glycerol extraction efficiency, namely, a mass ratio of phases of 1:1, a mass fraction of water of 6.6%, and a molar ratio of the ChCl:Gly of 1:3.5 were determined to be the optimal process conditions. When the reaction was performed in a batch reactor under the optimal conditions, the process resulted in a 43.54 ± 0.2% yield and 99.54 ± 0.19% glycerol extraction efficiency (t = 2 h). Unfortunately, the free glycerol content was higher than the one defined by international standards (wG > 0.02%); therefore, the process was performed in a microsystem to enhance the mass transfer. Gaining the same yield and free glycerol content below the standards (wG = 0.0019 ± 0.003%), the microsystem proved to be a good direction for future process optimization.

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“…A deep eutectic solvent is formed between a ammonium salt which is a hydrogen bond acceptor and a hydrogen bond donor. The hydrogen bonds between the ions of ammonium salt compound and the hydrogen donors form large and asymmetrical ions which result in a decrease in the melting point of the mixture compared to the melting point of each component [15]. The de-localization of charge that occurs via hydrogen bonding is a major factor in reducing the melting point of the mixture.…”

Section: Deep Eutectic Solventmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waste-Cooking-Oil Free Fatty Acid Reduction Using Deep Eutectic Solvent as Raw Material of Biodiesel

Putri

Syarif

Kalsum

2020

IJFAC

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The purpose of this study was to extract the free fatty acid (FFA) of waste-cooking-oil through liquid-to-liquid extraction using choline chloride as a raw material for Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) as a waste-cooking-oil purifier. Waste-cooking-oil is obtained from the waste of a fast food factory located in Sukarame, South Sumatera. Making a Dep Eutectic Solvent (DES) using compounds of ethylene glycol as Hydrogen Bond Donor mixed with a choline chloride Hydrogen Bond Acceptor with five molar ratios, a reaction temperature of 60 °C and a stirring speed of 150 rpm and 200 rpm for 90 minutes. The extraction molar ratio of waste-cooking-oil and DES with four ratios of molar ratios, extraction time of 2 hours at 60 °C and retention time of separation between DES and used cooking oil was 24 hours. The decrease in FFA of waste-cooking-oil was the highest at 83.87% in the DES 2. It proves that DES is able to purify waste-cooking-oil by extraction methods to reduce FFA and adsorb other materials

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Separation of Free Glycerol and Glycerides from Biodiesel by Means of Liquid-Liquid Extraction

Cited by 16 publications

References 23 publications

Deep Eutectic Solvents for Purification of Waste Animal Fats and Crude Biodiesel

Deep Eutectic Solvents for Purification of Waste Animal Fats and Crude Biodiesel

Continuous Integrated Process of Biodiesel Production and Purification—The End of the Conventional Two-Stage Batch Process?

Waste-Cooking-Oil Free Fatty Acid Reduction Using Deep Eutectic Solvent as Raw Material of Biodiesel

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