The effects of chilling under low light (9/7 ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ C, 100 m m m m mol m ----2 s ----1 ) on the photosynthetic and antioxidant capacities and subsequent recovery were examined in two (one tolerant and one sensitive) cucumber genotypes. Chilling resulted in an irreversible inhibition of net CO 2 assimilation and growth for the sensitive genotype, which was accompanied by decreases in the maximum velocity of RuBP carboxylation by Rubisco ( V cmax ), the capacity for ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate regeneration ( J max ), Rubisco content and activity, and the quantum efficiency of photosystem II, in the absence of any stomatal limitation of CO 2 supply or inorganic phosphate limitation. In contrast, CO 2 assimilation for the tolerant genotype fully recovered after chill. The chill-induced decrease in the proportion of electron flux for photosynthetic carbon reduction was mostly compensated by an O 2 -dependent alternative electron flux driven by the water-water cycle, especially in the sensitive genotype. Compared with the tolerant genotype, the sensitive genotype after chill showed reduced capacity for scavenging reactive oxygen species and increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species. The balance between O 2 -dependent alternative electron flux and the capacity for scavenging reactive oxygen species in response to chill plays a major role in determining the tolerance of cucumber leaves to this stress factor. It is concluded that the water-water cycle operates at high rates when CO 2 assimilation is restricted in cucumber leaves subjected to chill and low light conditions. Key-words : Cucumis sativus ; chilling; chlorophyll fluorescence; electron transport flux; photosynthesis; reactive oxygen species; water-water cycle.Abbreviations : APX, ascorbate peroxidase; A sat , light saturated rate of the CO 2 assimilation; CAT, catalase; F CO2 , quantum efficiency of CO 2 fixation; F o , F m , F v , minimal, maximal and variable fluorescence yields; F m ¢ , F v ¢ , F s , maximal, variable and steady-state fluorescence yield in a lightadapted state; F v / F m , the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII; F v ¢ / F m ¢ , the efficiency of excitation energy capture by open PSII reaction centre; GR, glutathione reductase; J a , alternative electron flux; J a(O 2 -dependent), O 2 -dependent alternative electron flux; J a(O 2 -independent), O 2 -independent alternative electron flux; J e(PCR), electron flux for the photosynthetic carbon reduction; J e(PSII), total electron flux in PSII; J e(PCO), electron flux for the photorespiratory carbon oxidation; J max , maximum potential rate of electron transport contributed to RuBP regeneration; l , stomatal limitation; MDA, malonaldehyde; PPFD, photosynthetic photon flux density; F PSII , relative quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry; q P , photochemical quenching; Rubisco, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase; ROS, reactive oxygen species; RuBP, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate; V cmax , maximum velocity of RuBP carboxylation by Rubisco; SOD, superoxide dismutase.