Separation of Isomers on Nematic Liquid Crystal Stationary Phases in Gas Chromatography: A Review

Historical Development of Liquid Crystalline Stationary Phases: An Overview

“…To date, a large number of LCSPs have been synthesized, and the structural requirements for giving liquid crystalline phases have generally been well understood [25][26][27][28].…”

“…Recently, we have reviewed a comparative analytical study for the separation of isomers on nematic LCSPs [28].…”

End Group Effect on the Thermal and Gas Chromatographic Properties of Some para-Substituted Non-Symmetrical Nematogens

“…It is known that terminally substituted compounds exhibited more stable mesophase compared to unsubstituted mesogenic compounds and that a para-substituted phenyl ring ensures that the molecules have structural linearity and large molecular polarizability [43]. The effect of terminal substituents on mesophase stability and analytical behaviors has been studied quite extensively for nematic liquid crystals [31,35,36]. Terminal substituents are many and varied, including either a small polar substituent (cyano, nitro, halogen, etc.)…”

“…These unique solvent properties of liquid crystals were reported for the first time by Kelker [7] and by Dewar and Schroeder [8,9] and were initially applied to the separation of the positional isomers of various disubstituted benzenes. Since this pioneering work, a large number of publications describe the analytical performance of liquid crystals [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] and several reviews outlining the fundamentals and applications of liquid crystal stationary phases (LCSPs) in both packed and capillary columns are available [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. Up to now, the results of the studies on LCSPs indicate that the chromatographic behavior of liquid crystals is basically dependent on its molecular structure in which a slight change in the molecular geometry brings about considerable change in its thermal and analytical properties.…”

Evaluation of the Effect of Citronellol Group on Functionalized Mesogenic Materials by Capillary GC

“…Since the introduction of their use in gas chromatography (GC) [1], liquid-crystalline (mesogenic) materials have been widely studied and used in various research fields [2]. Their applications as stationary phases in chromatographic analyses (GC and high-performance liquid chromatography) have attracted much attention, and they have been used in the separation of toxic isomers of compounds in the environment [3][4][5].…”