Separation of N2@C60 and N@C60

Suetsuna, Tomohiro; Dragoe, Nita; Harneit, Wolfgang; Weidinger, A.; Shimotani, Hidekazu; Ito, Seiya; Takagi, H.; Kitazawa, K.

doi:10.1002/1521-3765(20021115)8:22<5079::aid-chem5079>3.0.co;2-h

Cited by 96 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In the operation modes of A and B, the C 60 oven was situated around the center of the plasma column, while situated nearby the substrate for the C-mode operation. b An apparatus to synthesize alkali-metal encapsulated fullerenes using pure ion beams (Tellgmann et al 1996) synthesized by some plasma methods using DC glow discharge (Pietzak et al 1997), ion implantation (Suetsuna et al 2002), parallel-plate-electrode radiofrequency (RF) discharge (Ata et al 2004), and electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) discharge (Kaneko et al 2007). However, the synthesis rate was extremely low, making it impossible to analyze N@C 60 properties and launch applications.…”

Section: Conventional Methods For Synthesizing Endohedral Fullerenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocarbon materials fabricated using plasmas

Hatakeyama

2017

Rev. Mod. Plasma Phys.

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Since the discovery of fullerenes more than three decades ago, new kinds of nanoscale materials of carbon allotropes called ''nanocarbons'' have so far been discovered or synthesized at successive intervals as cases such as carbon nanotubes, carbon nanohorns, graphene, carbon nanowalls, and a carbon nanobelt, while nanodiamonds were actually discovered before then. Their attractively excellent mechanical, physical, and chemical properties have driven researchers to continuously create one of the hottest frontiers in materials science and technology. While plasma states have often been involved in their discovery, on the other hand, plasma-based approaches to this exciting field originally hold promising and enormous potentials for advancing and expanding industrial/biomedical applications of nanocarbons of great diversity. This article provides an extensive overview on plasma-fabricated nanocarbon materials, where the term ''fabrication'' is defined as synthesis, functionalization, and assembly of devices to cover a wide range of issues associated with the step-by-step plasma processes. Specific attention has been paid to the comparative examination between plasma-based and non-plasma methods for fabricating the nanocarobons with an emphasis on the advantages of plasma processing, such as low-temperature/large-scale fabrication and diversitycarrying structure controllability. The review ends with current challenges and prospects including a ripple effect of the nanocarbon studies on the development of related novel nanomaterials such as transition metal dichalcogenides. It contains not only the latest progress in the field for cutting-edge scientists and engineers, but also the introductory guidance to non-specialists such as lower-class graduate students.& Rikizo Hatakeyama

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Section: Conventional Methods For Synthesizing Endohedral Fullerenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocarbon materials fabricated using plasmas

Hatakeyama

2017

Rev. Mod. Plasma Phys.

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“…It also represents an interesting observed species for further computational studies, this experiment-theory symbiosis being always quite common 6,7 in fullerene science, even in its prehistoric times 8,9 before the C 60 breakthrough observation 10 in 1985. In addition to the water 1,2,5 and hydrogen molecule 3,4 containing endohedrals, also encapsulations of other non-metal species inside the fullerene cages have been studied, for example atomic [11][12][13][14][15] and molecular 16,17 nitrogen. Endohedrals with rare gas atoms, in particular with He, were produced using 18,19 high temperatures (650 o C), high pressures (3000 atm) and a catalyst.…”

Section: This Paper Is Part Of the Jss Focus Issue On Nanocarbons -Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Comparison of the Water-Dimer Encapsulations intoD₂(22)-C₈₄andD_2d(23)-C₈₄

Slanina

Uhlı́k

Nagase

et al. 2017

ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol.

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The water dimer encapsulations into D 2 (22)-C 84 and D 2d (23)-C 84 fullerenes are evaluated. The encapsulation energy is computed at the M06-2X/6-31++G** level and it is found that the energy gain upon encapsulation into the D 2 (22)-C 84 and D 2d (23)-C 84 cages is −17.37 and −15.48 kcal/mol, respectively. Encapsulation equilibrium constants are computed using partitions functions based on the M06-2X/6-31++G** molecular data. The yield for (H 2 O) 2 @D 2 (22)-C 84 is higher than for (H 2 O) 2 @D 2d (23)-C 84 , however, the yield ratio decreases with increasing temperature and for high temperatures is close to 2:1. The M06-2X/6-31++G** computed rotational constants are presented for a possible use in detection of the water-dimer endohedrals by rotational spectroscopy in laboratory or interstellar space. The very recent production of C 70 with encapsulated water dimer 1 represents a further example of fullerene endohedrals prepared 2-5 via organic synthesis. Moreover, it offers a stabilized, conserved water dimer (though influenced by the carbon cage) that can be used for various spectral characterizations of the prototype hydrogen-bonded aggregate. It also represents an interesting observed species for further computational studies, this experiment-theory symbiosis being always quite common 6,7 in fullerene science, even in its prehistoric times 8,9 before the C 60 breakthrough observation 10 in 1985. In addition to the water 1,2,5 and hydrogen molecule 3,4 containing endohedrals, also encapsulations of other non-metal species inside the fullerene cages have been studied, for example atomic 11-15 and molecular 16,17 nitrogen. Endohedrals with rare gas atoms, in particular with He, were produced using 18,19 high temperatures (650 o C), high pressures (3000 atm) and a catalyst. Such fullerene encapsulations of non-metals have been computed, [20][21][22][23][24][25] too. This paper continues in the research line with calculations on two C 84 endohedrals containing encapsulated water dimer. [36][37][38] in saturated water vapor increases with increasing temperature. It may be a surprising result but in fact it can easily be rationalized. While the equilibrium constant for the dimer formation decreases with temperature, the saturated pressure increases and actually grows faster. 39 The water dimer formation is described by the usual dimerization equilibrium constant K p,2 in terms of the partial pressures of the components: CalculationsIn fact, the recent evaluation 40 of the water dimerization constant (G3&MP2/AUG-cc-pVQZ level) reaches nearly perfect agreement with the available experimental data.The dimeric-water encapsulations into both C 84 cages (Figure 1) are similarly described by the encapsulation equilibrium constants K p,enc,i :The relative yields of both encapsulates (here represented by the ratio of their partial pressures p -see Eq. 4) can actually be estimated using the ratio of equilibrium constants (2) and (3), especially if the starting amount of both empty fullerenes (or more precisely, their am...

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“…According to the previously published results, endohedral X@C 60 peaks (X = Ar, Eu, N) were observed at near the C 60 one in the HPLC chromatogram. [10][11][12] In addition, for the separation of the endohedral C 60 peaks from the C 60 one, it is necessary to recycle the separation of the first half and second half of the C 60 peak into different fractions several times. 7 Therefore, in order to investigate the position of the Fe+C 60 , we also separated the first half and second half of the C 60 peak into different fractions, and they were analyzed by LDI-TOF-MS. Fig.…”

Section: B Analysis Of the Fementioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of endohedral iron-fullerenes by ion implantation

Minezaki

Ishihara

Uchida

et al. 2013

Review of Scientific Instruments

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In this paper, we discuss the results of our study of the synthesis of endohedral iron-fullerenes. A low energy Fe + ion beam was irradiated to C 60 thin film by using a deceleration system. Fe + -irradiated C 60 thin film was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography and laser desorption/ ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. We investigated the performance of the deceleration system for using a Fe + beam with low energy. In addition, we attempted to isolate the synthesized material from a Fe + -irradiated C 60 thin film by high performance liquid chromatography.

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Separation of N2@C60 and N@C60

Cited by 96 publications

References 16 publications

Nanocarbon materials fabricated using plasmas

Nanocarbon materials fabricated using plasmas

Computational Comparison of the Water-Dimer Encapsulations intoD₂(22)-C₈₄andD_2d(23)-C₈₄

Synthesis of endohedral iron-fullerenes by ion implantation

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Separation of N2@C60 and N@C60

Cited by 96 publications

References 16 publications

Nanocarbon materials fabricated using plasmas

Nanocarbon materials fabricated using plasmas

Computational Comparison of the Water-Dimer Encapsulations intoD2(22)-C84andD2d(23)-C84

Synthesis of endohedral iron-fullerenes by ion implantation

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Computational Comparison of the Water-Dimer Encapsulations intoD₂(22)-C₈₄andD_2d(23)-C₈₄