Separation of Phenol from Bio-oil Produced from Pyrolysis of Agricultural Wastes

Abstract

The aim of this study was to separate phenol from Bio-Oil obtained from the pyrolysis of agricultural wastes (BAW). The BAW was obtained in one step catalytic pyrolysis in which temperature of the reactor was kept at 30°C and then increased up to 900°C. After pyrolysis, the BAW was distillated and analyzed by Gas chromatography and Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry detection (GC × GC/TOFMS) Where BAW showed the presence of more than 120 other important compounds and phenol. After detection, phenol was separated by solvent extraction method, where Ethyl ether (C 4 H 10 O), Caustic soda (NaOH) and Hydrochloric acid (HCl) were used to separate phenol from BAW and then Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) was done to confirm the recovery of phenol.

Biodiesel and Other Value-Added Products from Bio-Oil Obtained from Agrifood Waste

“…Various solvents for the extraction of chemicals from bio-oil have been assayed, including alkaline solutions, ketones, ethers, water, super-critical CO 2 , ethyl acetate, toluene and n-hexane [60,61].…”

“…In one method, phenols were extracted from a bio-oil produced from the pyrolysis of sawdust, which was carried out by means of a solvent [60]. The phenols were extracted by adding ethyl ether and 10% wt caustic soda, finally obtaining sodium phenoxide.…”

An overview of recent development in bio-oil upgrading and separation techniques

“…A solvent extraction method was used to separate the bio-oil into different chemical groups based on the polarities of the available compound in bio-oil. A solvent such as water, ethyl acetate, ethers, ketones, and chloroform as well as toluene and n-hexane were used to separate the bio-oil [62][63][64]. The bio-oil separation using water fractionation gives water-soluble and water-insoluble fractions, further mixing of solvent in it, leads to the separation of compounds [65].…”

“…However, due to the high amount of solvent requirement, which makes it economically unfeasible, not suitable for industrialization. Shah et al [63] efficiently recovered phenol from bio-oil using solvent ethyl ether, caustic soda, and hydrochloric acid (HCl). Further, the obtained phenol can be used in the production of resins, dyes, lubricants, pesticides, plastic, and explosives.…”

Thermo-Catalytic Reforming of spent coffee grounds

“…On the other hand, due to the high concentration of phenols compounds, the bio-oil has high potential for chemicals production. While, the phenols could be recovered from the bio-oil and used in the production of plastics, explosives such as picric acid, and drugs such as aspirin, and in the dye industry (Shah et al 2017;Zhang et al 2018).…”