Separation of Pt(IV), Pd(II), Ru(III) and Rh(III) from model chloride solutions by liquid-liquid extraction with phosphonium ionic liquids

Rzelewska-Piekut, Martyna; Regel‐Rosocka, Magdalena

doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2018.11.091

Cited by 81 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Typically, solvent extraction is regarded as a practical method to recover and separate PGM ions from metal-containing aqueous solutions. For example, tertiary amines [6,7], organophosphates [8][9][10][11], and organosulfides [12,13] have been reported to act as Pd(II) or Pt(IV) extractants. However, solvent extraction processes require organic solvents, which are used as diluents of extractants or extractants themselves, and the use of organic solvents is problematic because of their toxicity and environmental concern.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective and Mutual Separation of Palladium (II), Platinum (IV), and Rhodium (III) Using Aliphatic Primary Amines

Matsumoto

Sezaki

Yamakawa

et al. 2020

Metals

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The selective recovery of platinum-group metals (PGMs) remains a huge challenge. Although solvent extraction processes are generally used for PGM separation, the use of organic solvents is problematic because of their toxicity and environmental concerns. Here, we have developed a new PGM recovery method by precipitation from hydrochloric acid (HCl) solutions containing Pd(II), Pt(IV), and Rh(III) using aliphatic primary amines as precipitants. Pt(IV) was precipitated using the amines with alkyl chains longer than hexyl independent of HCl concentration. The precipitation of Pd(II) required longer alkyl amines than octyl, regardless of the HCl concentration. Rh(III) was recovered by precipitation at high HCl concentrations using the amines longer than hexyl. The mutual separation of Pt(IV), Rh(III), and Pd(II), in this order, was successfully achieved by changing the HCl concentrations and alkyl chain lengths of the amines. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis evidently showed that the metal-containing precipitates were ion-pair complexes composed of metal chloro-complex anions and ammonium cations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective and Mutual Separation of Palladium (II), Platinum (IV), and Rhodium (III) Using Aliphatic Primary Amines

Matsumoto

Sezaki

Yamakawa

et al. 2020

Metals

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“… 12 − 14 As a new generation of extractant, ionic liquids (ILs) have been widely used in the extraction and separation of palladium. 15 − 18 Quaternary phosphonium salts ILs, that is, CYPHOSIL 101, CYPHOSIL 102, and CYPHOSIL 104, can effectively extract and separate Pd(II) from a four-component mixture solution of PGMs. The extraction efficiency of Pd(II) is all higher than 99% in an acidic chlorination medium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The extraction efficiency of Pd(II) is all higher than 99% in an acidic chlorination medium. 18 The pyridinium and ammonium ILs were also widely used for Pd(II) extraction. 19 However, green extraction was not achieved using an IL dissolved in toluene or chloroform for solvent extraction; these solvents are very environmentally unfriendly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of Pd(II) from Hydrochloric Acid Medium by Solvent Extraction–Direct Electrodeposition Using Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic ILs

Shao

Jin

et al. 2020

ACS Omega

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Mixed [C 8 bet]Br/[C 4 mim][NTf 2 ] ionic liquids were used as a new extraction system to extract Pd(II) from multimetal-ion solutions. The separation factors K Pd/M (M: Cu, Fe, Ni, Zn, Co) are greater than 10 3 . Thiourea was found to be an effective stripping agent. After three cycles, the recovery efficiency was higher than 91.0%. Direct electrodeposition of palladium from the mixed ionic liquid phase was also studied. The Pd(II) complex in [C 8 bet]Br/[C 4 mim][NTf 2 ] system was studied by cyclic voltammetry at 348 K. The results indicate the existence of three types of Pd(II) complex in the [C 8 bet]Br/[C 4 mim][NTf 2 ] system, leading to three reductive waves. The reduction of Pd(II) to Pd(0) in this system is irreversible. A uniform black coating was obtained by constant-potential deposition at −1.7 V on a nickel foil, confirmed to be palladium metal by energy-dispersive spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy analyses. After three cycles of continuous extraction–electrodeposition, over 90.0% of palladium was recovered.

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“…Among these methods, solvent extraction has been employed in commercial plants for a long time. In the case of solvent extraction, some kinds of ionic liquids have been investigated for noble metal separation in the laboratory scale [15,[18][19][20]. Considering the cost of ionic liquids and the possibility of their application 2 of 9 in the industrial scale, solvent extraction with commercial extractants has more advantages, in terms of commercial scale applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When silver is separated as silver chloride, by leaching with an HCl solution in the presence of some oxidizing agents, the remaining five noble metal ions (Au(III), Pt(IV), Pd(II), Ir(IV), and Rh(III)) are present in the leaching solution. Although several solvent extraction processes have been reported to separate these five noble metal ions [5,14,18,30], they have some disadvantages, such as incomplete separation among the metal ions in each solvent extraction step and the low extraction percentage of Au(III) and Pd(II) from concentrated acid solutions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Process for the Separation of Noble Metals from HCl Liquor Containing Gold(III), Palladium(II), Platinum(IV), Rhodium(III), and Iridium(IV) by Solvent Extraction

Xing

Lee

2019

Processes

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The demand for noble metals is increasing, owing to their excellent chemical and physical properties. In order to meet the demand, the recovery of noble metals with high purity from diverse secondary resources, which contain small amounts of noble metals, is of immense value. In this work, the possibility of the separation of Au(III), Pd(II), Pt(IV), Rh(III), and Ir(IV) by solvent extraction from a synthetic HCl solution is investigated. Only Au(III) was selectively extracted by Cyanex 272 in the HCl concentration range from 0.5 M to 9 M, leaving the other metal ions in the raffinate. The loaded Au(III) in Cyanex 272 was efficiently stripped by (NH2)2CS. The other four noble metals were sequentially separated on the basis of the procedures reported in the previous work. The mass balance showed that about 98% of each metal, except Pt(IV), was recovered by the proposed process. An efficient process for the recovery of the five noble metal ions from the HCl leaching solution of secondary resources containing these metals can be developed.

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Separation of Pt(IV), Pd(II), Ru(III) and Rh(III) from model chloride solutions by liquid-liquid extraction with phosphonium ionic liquids

Cited by 81 publications

References 39 publications

Selective and Mutual Separation of Palladium (II), Platinum (IV), and Rhodium (III) Using Aliphatic Primary Amines

Selective and Mutual Separation of Palladium (II), Platinum (IV), and Rhodium (III) Using Aliphatic Primary Amines

Recovery of Pd(II) from Hydrochloric Acid Medium by Solvent Extraction–Direct Electrodeposition Using Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic ILs

A Process for the Separation of Noble Metals from HCl Liquor Containing Gold(III), Palladium(II), Platinum(IV), Rhodium(III), and Iridium(IV) by Solvent Extraction

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