Separation of red (Y2O3: Eu3+), blue (Sr, Ca, Ba)10(PO4)6Cl2: Eu2+ and green (LaPO4: Tb3+, Ce3+) rare earth phosphors by liquid/liquid extraction

Mei, Gang; Rao, P. Madhusudana; Matsuda, Mitsuaki; Fujita, Toyohisa

doi:10.1007/s11595-009-3418-0

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Due to their mercury content, fluorescent lamps are considered as hazardous waste and are therefore collected separately in most countries [165,166]. The interest in lamp phosphor powders as a secondary resource has been growing recently due to their high rare-earth content (in tri-band phosphor), and the recovery of these valuable elements has been studied extensively [165][166][167][168][169][170][171][172][173][174][175]. Currently, a recycling process is operated on industrial scale ([1000 t/y) by Solvay in France [161].…”

Section: Lamp Phosphor Wastementioning

confidence: 99%

Antimony Recovery from End-of-Life Products and Industrial Process Residues: A Critical Review

Dupont

Arnout²,

Jones

et al. 2016

J. Sustain. Metall.

133

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Antimony has become an increasingly critical element in recent years, due to a surge in industrial demand and the Chinese domination of primary production. Antimony is produced from stibnite ore (Sb 2 O 3) which is processed into antimony metal and antimony oxide (Sb 2 O 3). The industrial importance of antimony is mainly derived from its use as flame retardant in plastics, coatings, and electronics, but also as decolourizing agent in glass, alloys in lead-acid batteries, and catalysts for the production of PET polymers. In 2014, the European Commission highlighted antimony in its critical raw materials report, as the element with the largest expected supply-demand gap over the period 2015-2020. This has sparked efforts to find secondary sources of antimony either through the recycling of end-of-life products or by recovering antimony from industrial process residues. Valuable residues are obtained by processing of gold, copper, and lead ores with high contents of antimony. Most of these residues are currently discarded or stockpiled, causing environmental concerns. There is a clear need to move to a more circular economy, where waste is considered as a resource and zero-waste valorization schemes become the norm, especially for rare elements such as antimony. This paper gives a critical overview of the existing attempts to recover antimony from secondary sources. The paper also discusses the possibility of waste valorization schemes to guarantee a more sustainable life cycle for antimony.

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Section: Lamp Phosphor Wastementioning

confidence: 99%

Antimony Recovery from End-of-Life Products and Industrial Process Residues: A Critical Review

Dupont

Arnout²,

Jones

et al. 2016

J. Sustain. Metall.

133

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“…Different methods have been developed for the separation of lamp phosphor mixtures. These include flotation [12], pneumatic separation [13], gravity separation by dense liquids [14], liquid-liquid extraction [15,16], and separations based on differences in magnetic properties of the phosphor components [8] .…”

Section: Separation Of Phosphor Mixtures In Individual Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives for the recovery of rare earths from end-of-life fluorescent lamps

Binnemans

Jones

2014

Journal of Rare Earths

164

108

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“…Of these, YOX has the highest intrinsic value because it contains 80 wt % of the total RE content of the phosphor waste and is composed exclusively of the two critical RE elements, Y and Eu. Recent developments in the recycling of phosphor materials have largely focused on the recovery of Eu and Y from YOX (11,(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38) (29). Currently, however, only one industrially applied recycling process exists for lamp phosphor waste (29,39).…”

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confidence: 99%

Accomplishing simple, solubility-based separations of rare earth elements with complexes bearing size-sensitive molecular apertures

Bogart

Cole

Boreen

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Rare earth (RE) metals are critical components of electronic materials and permanent magnets. Recycling of consumer materials is a promising new source of rare REs. To incentivize recycling, there is a clear need for the development of simple methods for targeted separations of mixtures of RE metal salts. Metal complexes of a tripodal hydroxylaminato ligand, TriNOx 3-, featured a size-sensitive aperture formed of its three η 2 -(N,O) ligand arms. Exposure of cations in the aperture induced a self-associative equilibrium comprising RE(TriNOx)THF and [RE(TriNOx)] 2 species. Differences in the equilibrium constants K dimer for early and late metals enabled simple separations through leaching. Separations were performed on RE1/RE2 mixtures, where RE1 = La-Sm and RE2 = Gd-Lu, with emphasis on Eu/Y separations for potential applications in the recycling of phosphor waste from compact fluorescent light bulbs. Using the leaching method, separations factors approaching 2,000 were obtained for early-late RE combinations. Following solvent optimization, >95% pure samples of Eu were obtained with a 67% recovery for the technologically relevant Eu/Y separation. (11)(12)(13)(14). Limitations associated with their beneficiation and separations, especially their solvent-, waste-, and energy intensities, have contributed to the concentration of suppliers in the People's Republic of China. Supply risks for these elements have emerged, particularly in the face of current and growing demand in the next 20 y (15, 16). Because the global marketplace for these elements is dominated by a single source (17), prices for primary rare earth (RE) materials are volatile (18). As a result, the US Department of Energy has classified many of these elements as "critical" (19). There is a clear need to find potential new supplies of these elements.Recent life cycle assessments have indicated that recycling of consumer materials is a promising alternative to conventional production processes (20). Despite this assertion, as recently as 2011, less than 1% of RE-containing materials were being recycled (21). These low recycling rates stem from a combination of sporadic collection procedures and lack of efficient separations and preprocessing steps (22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27).To contribute to incentivizing the "urban mining" of REcontaining materials, we recently initiated efforts toward new, simplified methods in RE separations (28). Our initial work focused on the separation of neodymium (Nd) and dysprosium (Dy), two key components of neomagnets (Nd 2 Fe 14 B). We disclosed the development of the tripodal nitroxide ligand, [((2-t BuNO)C 6 H 4 CH 2 ) 3 N] 3− (TriNOx 3-), which induced a selfassociation equilibrium between monomeric Nd(TriNOx)THF/ dimeric [Nd(TriNOx)] 2 species. The position of this equilibrium was found to be strongly dependent on the size of the RE cation. We showed proof of concept that differences in the self-association equilibrium constants between Nd and Dy could be exploited to achieve 95% pure materials through a simple leachi...

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Separation of red (Y2O3: Eu3+), blue (Sr, Ca, Ba)10(PO4)6Cl2: Eu2+ and green (LaPO4: Tb3+, Ce3+) rare earth phosphors by liquid/liquid extraction

Cited by 19 publications

References 12 publications

Antimony Recovery from End-of-Life Products and Industrial Process Residues: A Critical Review

Antimony Recovery from End-of-Life Products and Industrial Process Residues: A Critical Review

Perspectives for the recovery of rare earths from end-of-life fluorescent lamps

Accomplishing simple, solubility-based separations of rare earth elements with complexes bearing size-sensitive molecular apertures

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