Separation of sulfur containing chemical warfare related compounds in aqueous samples by micellar electrokinetic chromatography

Cheicante, Richard L.; Stuff, John R.; Durst, H. D.

doi:10.1016/0021-9673(95)00524-q

Cited by 38 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Wang et al [20] utilized a CE microchip using contactless conductivity detection to separate similar derivatives. Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC) has been used to separate some sulfurcontaining chemical warfare agents related to mustard degradation, although unrelated to the thiol degradation products targeted in this study [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation of thiol and cyanide hydrolysis products of chemical warfare agents by capillary electrophoresis

Copper

Collins

2004

Electrophoresis

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The fluorescence derivatizing agent, o-phthalaldehyde (OPA), has been applied to the separation and detection of cyanide and several structurally similar thiols by capillary electrophoresis (CE)-laser induced fluorescence (LIF). Of particular interest to this investigation was the separation of 2-dimethylaminoethanethiol, 2-diethylaminoethanethiol, and cyanide, each of which are hydrolysis products or hydrolysis product simulants of the chemical warfare (CW) agents O-ethyl S-2-diisopropylaminoethyl methylphosphonothiolate (VX), O-isobutyl S-2-diethylaminoethyl methylphosphonothiolate (R-VX), and tabun (GA). Other structurally similar thiols simultaneously resolved by this method include 1-pentanethiol and 2-mercaptoethanol. Instrumental parameters were probed and optimum values for capillary length (50 cm) and inner diameter (75 microm), injection time (30 s) and field strength (15 kV) were determined. Sample stacking methods enabled detection limits of 9.3 microg/L for cyanide, 1.8 microg/L for 2-diethylaminoethanethiol, 35 microg/L for 2-dimethylaminoethanethiol, 15 microg/L for 2-mercaptoethanol, and 89 microg/L for 1-pentanethiol. The linearity of the method was verified over an order of magnitude and the reproducibility was found to be 3.0%.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation of thiol and cyanide hydrolysis products of chemical warfare agents by capillary electrophoresis

Copper

Collins

2004

Electrophoresis

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“…Pulmonary agents, chlorine gas (C), chloropicrin (PS), diphosgene (DP), and phosgene (CG,) all react with water to form hydrochloric acid and carbon monoxide to cause pulmonary edema [4]. Environment neutralization of these CWA typically involves the degradation of the parent compounds to yield various hydrolysis products [5][6][7]. The G-series nerve agents, which include GB, GF, GD, and GA, rapidly hydrolyze to form various alkyl phosphonic acids [8], whereas V-series nerve agents VE, VG, VM, and VX degrade to not only form alkyl phosphonic acids but phosphonothioic acids and various alkyl amino ethanol compounds [9].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The degradation products of CWA are typically polar and nonvolatile in character, readily dissolving in aqueous environments. A host of stand alone analytical techniques in an assortment of forms [7,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19] have been employed for the analysis of these CWA degradation products with varying degrees of success. More recently; however, the development of an atmospheric pressure ion mobility spectrometer (AP-IMS) interfaced to a orthogonal reflector time-offlight mass spectrometer (TOFMS) has demonstrated the capability through a variety of sample introduction and ionization modes to rapidly (Ͻ1 min) and sensitively (Ͻ100 ppb by weight for most compounds tested) detect, identify, and quantify aqueous vapor and aerosol phase CWA degradation products, respectively [20 -22].…”

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confidence: 99%

Detection of aqueous phase chemical warfare agent degradation products by negative mode ion mobility time-of-flight mass spectrometry [IM(tof)MS]

Steiner

Harden

Hong

et al. 2006

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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“…Direct UV detection at 200 nm was used by Cheicante et al to determine sulfur-containing CW agents using a variant of CE called micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC). (26) Mercier et al (27) used indirect photometric detection to analyze nerve agent decomposition by indirect UV detection, while Nassar et al (28) used a similar approach for aqueous solutions and soil extracts with analysis times as short as 3 min. The problem with nonselective detection will probably be addressed by the application of selective GC detectors such as the pulsed flame photometric detector.…”

Section: Capillary Electrophoresismentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and Screening of Chemicals Related to the Chemical Weapons Convention

Murray

2000

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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Spurred by recent events, there is an ever‐growing interest in the detection of hazardous chemicals in both military and civilian contexts. The threat of chemical weapons has spread from the battlefield to cities and towns due to the threat of international terrorism. Detection of hazardous chemicals and now chemical weapons is a requirement for first responders of all sorts. While a plethora of devices and materials exist, they all have certain inherent weaknesses and no one device can be relied upon to give an unambiguous response. As usual in chemical detection, two orthogonal methods give a much higher confidence than does any single method. This article identifies hazardous chemicals identified by the Chemical Weapons Convention and provides a description of materials and devices for sensing and responding to chemical agent contamination and releases. It comparatively evaluates current and near‐term sensor options for detecting the most likely current threats. It also identifies sensor technologies that may be capable of responding to a wider range of substances (e.g., hazardous industrial chemicals and new chemical warfare agents) to provide options for coping with new threats as they develop. Previous research results on the principal background contaminants that have the potential of introducing unwanted false alarms in chemical agent detection systems are collated, and techniques that may be capable of reducing the impact of toxic material releases are suggested.

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Separation of sulfur containing chemical warfare related compounds in aqueous samples by micellar electrokinetic chromatography

Cited by 38 publications

References 7 publications

Separation of thiol and cyanide hydrolysis products of chemical warfare agents by capillary electrophoresis

Separation of thiol and cyanide hydrolysis products of chemical warfare agents by capillary electrophoresis

Detection of aqueous phase chemical warfare agent degradation products by negative mode ion mobility time-of-flight mass spectrometry [IM(tof)MS]

Detection and Screening of Chemicals Related to the Chemical Weapons Convention

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