Separation of the high-ceiling diuretic Torasemide and its metabolites by capillary zone electrophoresis with diode-array detection

Akesolo, Urtzi; González, Lino; Jiménez, Rosa M.; Alonso, Rosa M.

doi:10.1002/1522-2683(200202)23:2<230::aid-elps230>3.0.co;2-0

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Urine samples were measured for volume and 1 mL aliquots taken for measurement of Na + , K + , and creatinine concentrations in an automated apparatus and 1 mL for torsemide concentration. Plasma and urine samples were extracted and analyzed for torsemide by a validated capillary zone electrophoresis method that recorded no signal in predrug samples of urine and plasma …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sodium and Fluid Excretion With Torsemide in Healthy Subjects is Limited by the Short Duration of Diuretic Action

Shah

Pitt

Brater

et al. 2017

JAHA

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BackgroundLoop diuretics are highly natriuretic but their short duration of action permits postdiuretic sodium retention, which limits salt loss unless dietary salt is severely restricted. We tested the hypothesis that a more prolonged duration of action would enhance salt loss.Methods and ResultsTen healthy participants were crossed over between 20 mg of oral immediate‐release or extended‐release (ER) torsemide while consuming a fixed diet with 300 mmol·d−1 of Na+. Compared with immediate‐release, plasma torsemide after ER was 59% lower at 1 to 3 hours but 97% higher at 8 to 10 hours as a result of a >3‐fold prolongation of time to maximal plasma concentrations. The relationship of natriuresis to log torsemide excretion showed marked hysteresis, but participants spent twice as long with effective concentrations of torsemide after ER, thereby enhancing diuretic efficiency. Compared with immediate‐release, ER torsemide did not reduce creatinine clearance and increased fluid (1634±385 versus 728±445 mL, P<0.02) and Na+ output (98±15 versus 42±17 mmol, P<0.05) despite an 18% reduction in exposure. Neither formulation increased K+ excretion.ConclusionsTorsemide ER prolongs urine drug levels, thereby increasing the time spent with effective drug concentrations, reduces postdiuretic Na+ retention, and moderates a fall in glomerular filtration rate. It caused significant Na+ loss even during very high salt intake. Thus, a short duration of action limits salt loss with loop diuretics. These conclusions warrant testing in subjects with edema and heart failure.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plasma and urine samples were extracted and analyzed for torsemide by a validated capillary zone electrophoresis method that recorded no signal in predrug samples of urine and plasma. 21…”

Section: Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium and Fluid Excretion With Torsemide in Healthy Subjects is Limited by the Short Duration of Diuretic Action

Shah

Pitt

Brater

et al. 2017

JAHA

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“…Torsemide was determined by pharmacopeial and non pharmacopeial methods where it is assayed in the British pharmacopoeia via non-aqueous titration [3], while assayed in the USP pharmacopeia by HPLC method [4]. The non pharmacopeial methods used for determination of TOR include HPLC [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15], LC/MS [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21], GC/MS [22,23], CZE [24], spectrophotometry [25][26][27][28][29], multivariate optimization of CZE [30], voltammetric determination using carbon past electrode [31] and dropping Hg electrode [32] and TLC-densitometry [33]. Stability-indicating HPTLC [34] and HPLC [35] methods for analysis of TOR has been recently reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study of Different Plasticized Membrane Electrodes for the Stability-indicative Determination of Torsemide

Zaazaa¹,

Abbas²,

Essam³

et al. 2012

Port. Electrochim. Acta

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Four torsemide-selective electrodes all on solid state graphite support were developed and characterized in polyvinylchloride matrices. Precipitation-based technique with tetraphenylborate (TPB) as an electroactive material in polyvinylchloride (PVC) matrix was used for sensor 1 fabrication without incorporation of an ionophore. 2hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) based technique with tetraphenylborate and either dioctyl phatalate (DOP), dibutyl sebasate (DBS) or 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether (o-NPOE) as plastisizer in carboxylated polyvinylchloride (PVC-COOH) matrix were used for sensor 2, 3 and 4 fabrications, respectively. Fast and stable Nernstian responses were evaluated according to IUPAC recommendations in the concentration ranges from 1x10-5 to 1 x 10-3 M for sensor 1 , from 1x10-5 to 1x 10-2 M for sensor 2, from 1x10-6 to 1 x 10-4 M for sensor 3, and from 1x10-6 to 1 x 10-3 M for sensor 4. The sensors show good selectivity to the drug in presence of a variety of inorganic and organic interferents including acid degradation product of torsemide, related substances and pharmaceutical excipients. Validation of the method showed the suitability of the proposed electrodes for the use in the quality control assessment of the drug. Furthermore, statistical comparison between the results obtained by the proposed method and the official method of the drug was performed and no significant difference was found.

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“…1). An extensive literature survey revealed a variety of methods for analysis of TOR, including GC-MS [3], HPLC [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11], electrophoresis [12,13], spectrophotometry [14,15], electrochemical oxidation [16], thermal characterization by use of a coupled method [17], and differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetry [18]. No HPTLC method or stability-indicating analytical method for analysis of TOR has yet been reported in the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability-indicating HPTLC method for analysis of torsemide in pharmaceutical preparations

Kakde¹,

Chaudhary²,

Barsagade³

et al. 2011

Acta Chromatographica

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A simple, precise, and accurate stability-indicating high-performance thinlayer chromatographic method for analysis of torsemide in the presence of its degradation products has been established and validated. Optimum separation among torsemide and its degradation products was achieved by use of silica gel 60F 254 as stationary phase with ethyl acetate-acetonitrile-water 6.5:3.0:0.5 (v/v) as mobile phase. Densitometric quantification was performed at 297 nm. The retention factors, R F , were 0.59 ± 0.02 for the parent drug, 0.74 ± 0.02 for the degradation product from oxidation, and 0.78 ± 0.02 and 0.96 ± 0.02 for two products of acid degradation. The method was found to be linear in the range 200-800 ng per band both by area and height. The results from analysis of commercial formulations were found to be 98.49 ± 0.32 and 101.75 ± 1.54%. The method was validated for precision, accuracy, specificity, robustness, and ruggedness.

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Separation of the high-ceiling diuretic Torasemide and its metabolites by capillary zone electrophoresis with diode-array detection

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

Sodium and Fluid Excretion With Torsemide in Healthy Subjects is Limited by the Short Duration of Diuretic Action

Sodium and Fluid Excretion With Torsemide in Healthy Subjects is Limited by the Short Duration of Diuretic Action

Comparative Study of Different Plasticized Membrane Electrodes for the Stability-indicative Determination of Torsemide

Stability-indicating HPTLC method for analysis of torsemide in pharmaceutical preparations

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