Separations of chemically different particles by capillary electrophoresis

Jones, Harlan K.; Ballou, N.E.

doi:10.1021/ac00221a014

Cited by 85 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…CE is a relatively nonperturbing method allowing the structure-dependent electrophoretic separation of monodisperse or polydisperse mixtures of small molecules [339][340][341], macromolecules [342][343][344][345], polymers [346][347][348][349] and colloids [350], up to nanoparticles [351][352][353][354] and liposomes [355], even bacteria [350,356] and viruses, in various modes of gentle separation techniques using nonaqueous or aqueous buffers with coated or uncoated capillary columns. The small volume of the analyte needed in CE experiments has made possible the measurement of the cellular contents (native proteins [357], specific fluorescent-labelled or-induced proteins [358], metabolites), the monitoring of single cells [359,360] or bacteria communications [361].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capillary electrophoresis – mass spectrometry: 15 years of developments and applications

Schmitt‐Kopplin¹,

Frommberger²

2003

Electrophoresis

282

232

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Capillary electrophoresis -mass spectrometry: 15 years of developments and applicationsSince its introduction in 1987, capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) has developed to a well accepted multidimensional analytical approach complementary and/or competitive to classical MS-hyphenated separation techniques. The threefold combination of rapid developments of an exceptional separation technique, of selective mass detection possibilities, and of very mild ionization modes first allowed these progresses. This article shows the CE specificities that need to be well controlled/known, compared to classical and more routinely used liquid chromatography in the light of its coupling to MS. The major trends and developments over the last 15 years and most of the reviews and applications found in ISI Web of science and publisher databases are presented in a tabulated way. The reader can thus rapidly find existing CE-MS analysis techniques in his field of research and application (forensics, environment, bioanalytics, pharmaceutics, and metabolites).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capillary electrophoresis – mass spectrometry: 15 years of developments and applications

Schmitt‐Kopplin¹,

Frommberger²

2003

Electrophoresis

282

232

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“…Among the techniques used for the separation of colloids and biologic macromolecules, CE has been established as a reliable and widely useful analytical technique with high resolution, high efficiency, and high automation capability [4,5]. A broad range of colloids including polystyrene lattices [6][7][8], silica sols [9], semiconductor clusters [10], virus and bacterial particles [11,12], and liposomes [13,14] have been separated by CE. The size distribution of various colloid particles, their surface charge density, and relaxation effect under electric field can be effectively evaluated using CE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrophoretic mobility and molecular distribution studies of poly(amidoamine) dendrimers of defined charges

et al. 2006

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Generation 5 ethylenediamine (EDA)-cored poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers (E5, E denotes the EDA core and 5 the generation number) with different degrees of acetylation and carboxylation were synthesized and used as a model system to investigate the effect of charge and the influence of dendrimer surface modifications on electrophoretic mobility (EM) and molecular distribution. The surface-modified dendrimers were characterized by size-exclusion chromatography, 1H NMR, MALDI-TOF-MS, PAGE, and CE. The focus of our study was to determine how EM changes as a function of particle charge and molecular mass, and how the molecular distribution changes due to surface modifications. We demonstrate that partially modified dendrimers have much broader migration peaks than those of fully surface functionalized or unmodified E5 dendrimers due to variations in the substitution of individual dendrimer surfaces. EM decreased nonlinearly with increases in surface acetylation for both PAMAM acetamides and PAMAM succinamic acids, indicating a complex migration activity in CE separations that is not solely due to charge/mass ratio changes. These studies provide new insights into dendrimer properties under an electric field, as well as into the characterization of dendrimer-based materials being developed for medical applications.

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“…By the use of precise control of the separation voltage and pH of the buffer solution, the efficiency of separation seems somewhat better than the previous result. 13 The number of theoretical plates for the 20 nm peak was calculated to be 1.3 × 10 6 . Figure 2 illustrates the separation of the mixture of gold nanoparticles (5 nm and 20 nm in diameter) with the same system.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[9][10][11][12] Recently, several attempts to use capillary electrophoresis (CE) as a novel separation method for nanoparticles of inorganic and polymer materials have been made. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] The principle of electrophoretic separation is based on the fact that when an external electric field is applied to a solution of charged species, each ion moves toward the electrode of opposite charge.The electrophoretic mobility (µp) of ionic species is expressed as (1) where q is the charge of the ion, η is the coefficient of viscosity of the fluid, and r is the hydrodynamic radius of the ion. The apparent mobility (µa), which gives rise to the net driving force for the separation in CE, is given by the sum of electroosmotic mobility (µo) and electrophoretic mobility (µp).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation of Nanoparticles in Different Sizes and Compositions by Capillary Electrophoresis

Hwang

Lee

Boo

et al. 2003

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

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Nano-sized particles have received considerable interest in the past two decades.1 Due to the quantum confinement effect, the nanoparticles show distinct physical and chemical properties depending on the sizes and shapes, particularly when the sizes are close to or smaller than the dimensions of exciton of the corresponding bulk materials.2 However, their wide distributions of sizes always give rise to the major limitations for precise investigation of their unique physical and chemical characteristics. Therefore, the separation of the nano-sized particles has brought considerable attention in many scientific areas recently. 3-8Many methods such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and size-exclusion chromatography were introduced so far for identifying and separating nanoparticles. These methods, however, have some inherent problems in the detection processes involving the degradation of sample, irreversible adsorption, etc. [9][10][11][12] Recently, several attempts to use capillary electrophoresis (CE) as a novel separation method for nanoparticles of inorganic and polymer materials have been made. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] The principle of electrophoretic separation is based on the fact that when an external electric field is applied to a solution of charged species, each ion moves toward the electrode of opposite charge.The electrophoretic mobility (µp) of ionic species is expressed as (1) where q is the charge of the ion, η is the coefficient of viscosity of the fluid, and r is the hydrodynamic radius of the ion. The apparent mobility (µa), which gives rise to the net driving force for the separation in CE, is given by the sum of electroosmotic mobility (µo) and electrophoretic mobility (µp). Overall, the migration time t of ionic species can be expressed by (2) where I and L are the effective and total lengths of capillary, respectively, E is the electric field strength, and V is the applied potential. Thus the separation in CE can be achieved by the mobility of the species depending on not only the solvent medium, but also the charges, sizes, and shapes of nanoparticles.

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Separations of chemically different particles by capillary electrophoresis

Cited by 85 publications

References 17 publications

Capillary electrophoresis – mass spectrometry: 15 years of developments and applications

Capillary electrophoresis – mass spectrometry: 15 years of developments and applications

Electrophoretic mobility and molecular distribution studies of poly(amidoamine) dendrimers of defined charges

Separation of Nanoparticles in Different Sizes and Compositions by Capillary Electrophoresis

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