Sepsis: Current Definition, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management

Taeb, Abdalsamih M.; Hooper, Michael H.; Marik, Paul E.

doi:10.1177/0884533617695243

Cited by 102 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 160 publications

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“…Overall, these data highlight the importance of treating the shock syndrome in severe EVD. Volume resuscitation accompanied by inotropic support and blood transfusion is still currently the only efficient supportive treatment for sepsis, along with high-quality intensive care (52,53). Patients with EVD may benefit from such a treatment during the shock phase.…”

Section: L I N I C a L M E D I C I N Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Immune parameters and outcomes during Ebola virus disease

Reynard¹,

Journeaux²,

Gloaguen³

et al. 2019

JCI Insight

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Section: L I N I C a L M E D I C I N Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Immune parameters and outcomes during Ebola virus disease

Reynard¹,

Journeaux²,

Gloaguen³

et al. 2019

JCI Insight

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“…Sepsis is a life-threatening syndrome that arises when systemic inflammatory responses to infections are out of balance and trigger damages to the body's own tissues and organs. [1][2][3][4] It has been recognized as a deadly menace with extremely high mortality and is one of the major causes of death among hospitalized patients. The pathogenesis of sepsis is very complex and currently is under intense scrutiny.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Combination of Glutamine and Ulinastatin Treatments Greatly Improves Sepsis Outcomes</p>

Wang¹,

Zhou²,

Bai³

2020

JIR

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Background: Sepsis is one of the most dangerous syndromes, has extremely high mortality, and is caused by the body's extreme responses to an infection. The pathogenesis of sepsis is very complex and remains largely unknown and thus the treatments for sepsis are limited. Here, we evaluated the treatment results of two potential drugs, glutamine and ulinastatin, on sepsis. Methods: CLP rat model was used to study sepsis. Gastrostomy was performed to deliver the drugs. Flow cytometry was employed to measure CD4 and CD8 levels. May-Grünwald-Giemsa staining was used to count the numbers of monocytes and neutrophils in the blood. ELISA assay was performed to assess the levels of PCT, IL-6, TNFα, and IL-1β. Results: Sepsis was successfully induced with the standard CLP rat model. Both glutamine and ulinastatin treatments greatly improved the outcomes of sepsis, but the combination of both treatments had the maximum therapeutic effect. Mechanistically, PCT, IL-6, TNFα, and IL-1β levels were significantly diminished following glutamine and ulinastatin treatments, suggesting an inhibition of inflammatory responses. Further, CD4 and CD4/CD8 ratio, and the numbers of monocytes and neutrophils were greatly up-regulated by glutamine and ulinastatin, indicating an enhanced immunity. Conclusion: Glutamine and ulinastatin treatments largely mitigate sepsis shock by suppressing the inflammatory responses of the body and strengthening the immune system. Combination of these two drugs could serve as a potential treatment for sepsis.

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“…According to the present understanding of the pathogenesis of ARDS, immunometabolism controls the development of inflammation in patients with sepsis-induced ARDS by regulating the function of immune cells [31]. Although, the discoveries and advances targeting immune cells as an alternative approach for ARDS therapy have been reported recently, improved outcome and decreased mortality rates in patients with sepsis-related ARDS have not been explicitly described [32,33]. Therefore, the altered expression of genes in the blood of neutrophils from patients with ARDS has received considerable attention.…”

Section: At the Genetic Level Genetic Testing Makes Facilitates The mentioning

confidence: 99%

From sepsis to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): emerging preventive strategies based on molecular and genetic researches

Hao

Tang

2020

Bioscience Reports

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A healthy body activates the immune response to target invading pathogens (i.e. viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites) and avoid further systemic infection. The activation of immunological mechanisms includes several components of the immune system, such as innate and acquired immunity. Once any component of the immune response to infections is aberrantly altered or dysregulated, resulting in a failure to clear infection, sepsis will develop through a pro-inflammatory immunological mechanism. Furthermore, the severe inflammatory responses induced by sepsis also increase vascular permeability, leading to acute pulmonary edema and resulting in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Apparently, potential for improvement exists in the management of the transition from sepsis to ARDS; thus, this article presents an exhaustive review that highlights the previously unrecognized relationship between sepsis and ARDS and suggests a direction for future therapeutic developments, including plasma and genetic pre-diagnostic strategies and interference with proinflammatory signaling.

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Sepsis: Current Definition, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management

Cited by 102 publications

References 160 publications

Immune parameters and outcomes during Ebola virus disease

Immune parameters and outcomes during Ebola virus disease

<p>Combination of Glutamine and Ulinastatin Treatments Greatly Improves Sepsis Outcomes</p>

From sepsis to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): emerging preventive strategies based on molecular and genetic researches

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