Sepsis, Severe Sepsis, and Septic Shock

Munford, Robert S.; Suffredini, Anthony F.

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4557-4801-3.00075-8

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 440 publications

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“…S2, E and F ). Although neutrophils are reported to be important for eliminating blood-borne microbes ( Derby and Rogers, 1961 ; Munford and Suffredini, 2014 ; Rogers, 1956 ), depleting neutrophils with the 1A8 antibody did not affect the clearance rate ( Fig. 5, B and C ), hepatic capture ( Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Sepsis is a common and often lethal syndrome with acute organ dysfunction ( Rudd et al, 2020 ). The sepsis pathogenesis is a complex process, from overgrowth of invading pathogens in the blood circulation to dysregulated immune responses and collateral organ injuries ( Munford and Suffredini, 2014 ). Encapsulated bacteria are the most common sepsis pathogens in humans and domestic animals ( Wen and Zhang, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional vulnerability of liver macrophages to capsules defines virulence of blood-borne bacteria

Qian

Huang

et al. 2022

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Many encapsulated bacteria use capsules to cause invasive diseases. However, it remains largely unknown how the capsules enhance bacterial virulence under in vivo infection conditions. Here we show that the capsules primarily target the liver to enhance bacterial survival at the onset of blood-borne infections. In a mouse sepsis model, the capsules enabled human pathogens Streptococcus pneumoniae and Escherichia coli to circumvent the recognition of liver-resident macrophage Kupffer cells (KCs) in a capsular serotype-dependent manner. In contrast to effective capture of acapsular bacteria by KCs, the encapsulated bacteria are partially (low-virulence types) or completely (high-virulence types) “untouchable” for KCs. We finally identified the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGR) as the first known capsule receptor on KCs to recognize the low-virulence serotype-7F and -14 pneumococcal capsules. Our data identify the molecular interplay between the capsules and KCs as a master controller of the fate and virulence of encapsulated bacteria, and suggest that the interplay is targetable for therapeutic control of septic infections.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional vulnerability of liver macrophages to capsules defines virulence of blood-borne bacteria

Qian

Huang

et al. 2022

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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“…Septicemia is defined as the presence of microorganisms or their toxins in the bloodstream. 1 Bacteremia indicates the presence of bacteria in the circulating blood; it may be transient, continuous or intermittent. 2 Septicemia is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in India.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriological profile and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of isolates from blood culture in suspected septicemic patients attending tertiary care hospital

Patel¹,

Jain²

2020

IJMMTD

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Septicemia is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in India. Blood culture remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of septicemia. The antimicrobial sensitivity pattern differs in different studies. Knowledge of likely causative organisms of septicemia and their antimicrobial sensitivity pattern can help to start appropriate therapy in order to minimize morbidity and mortality. Aim: To isolate the etiological organisms causing sepsis and study the antimicrobial susceptibility profile and its mechanism of resistance pattern. Materials and Methods: The observational study of 206 positive blood culture was carried out in the Department of microbiology, tertiary Care Hospital during the period from December 2015 to November 2016 and processed by standard conventional method. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of isolates was studied by Kirby Bauer Disc diffusion technique.Observations & Results: Total 1281 samples were received during the study period of which 206 (16.08%) samples were found to be positive. Bacteria isolated include CONS (15.04%), S.aureus (14.08%), Klebsiella pneumonia (19.90%), Acinetobacter spp (10.19%), Escherichia coli (8.74%), Pseudomonas spp (7.77%), Salmonella typhi (1.46%) and Salmonella paratyphi A (0.49%). Majority of organisms Isolated were resistant to commonly used antibiotics. Imipenem showed 83% and colistin 94.69% sensitivity for gram negative organisms. Methicillin resistance was found in 2.91% Staphylococcus aureus Isolated. The Gram positive bacteria showed high resistance to Penicillin G (75%) but they were highly susceptible to Azithromycin (70%), Levofloxacin (80%) Linezolid (100%) and Vancomycin (98%) Conclusions: Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most predominant etiological agent of septicemia. Every hospital should monitor its antibiotic sensitivity pattern against the common isolates that can serve as a basis for empirical therapy in emergency conditions. Considering the burden of mortality resulting from septicemia, better diagnostic facilities should be employed for the early detection of septicemia and rational use of narrow spectrum and antibiotics is recommended.

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“…TME can also present due to systemic involvement of multiple organ systems, as is seen in sepsis. Sepsis refers to a harmful systemic bodily response to an infection and has been observed to occur in patients with COVID (Li, Liu, et al, 2020; Munford & Suffredini, 2014). While the rate in COVID patients is unknown, early estimates suggest that up to 20%–35% of hospitalized patients will experience sepsis (Alhazzani et al, 2020).…”

Section: Medical Conditions Impacting the Central Nervous System: A M...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychology of COVID-19: Anticipated cognitive and mental health outcomes.

Bailey¹,

Steward²,

Jantz³

et al. 2021

Neuropsychology

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Objective: Discuss anticipated patterns of cognitive and emotional dysfunction, prognostic indicators, and treatment considerations based on review of (a) neuroinvasive properties of prior human coronaviruses and (b) extensively researched disorders which share similar neurological mechanisms. Method: A web-based comprehensive search of peer-reviewed journals was conducted based on a variety of key terms (and variants of) including coronavirus, neuroinvasion, cognitive dysfunction, viral pandemics, respiratory illness, critical illness, and metabolic disease. Articles were chosen based on relevance to the current topic and ability to provide unique thematic information. Historical articles were included if these added scientific merit to recent literature. Review of information in widely disseminated news articles was followed-up with direct review of cited scientific literature. Databases searched included Google Scholar, PubMed, and Ovid Medline. Results: Based on neuroinvasive properties of prior coronaviruses and existing research on similar neurophysiological conditions with detrimental cognitive effects, COVID-19—especially those with severe symptoms—are at risk for cognitive decline and significant psychiatric/behavioral sequela. Conclusions: There are few studies examining cognitive outcomes in COVID-19. This review argues that neuropsychological sequelae are to be expected in patients with COVID-19. Considerations for clinicians working with this unique population are discussed.

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Sepsis, Severe Sepsis, and Septic Shock

Cited by 8 publications

References 440 publications

Functional vulnerability of liver macrophages to capsules defines virulence of blood-borne bacteria

Functional vulnerability of liver macrophages to capsules defines virulence of blood-borne bacteria

Bacteriological profile and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of isolates from blood culture in suspected septicemic patients attending tertiary care hospital

Neuropsychology of COVID-19: Anticipated cognitive and mental health outcomes.

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