Septic Shock Induced by Vibrio Vulnificus in Northern Poland, a Case Report

Abstract

Introduction:Vibrio vulnificus infections are a growing problem worldwide. In recent years, infections with this bacteria have been reported in Central Europe, especially in the German Baltic coast but also in France and Italy. Climate warming causes the sea temperature to increase every year, which translates to an increased risk of infections from the Vibrio group. Most of these are mild and present as wound infections, but some patients develop life-threatening sepsis from either ingestion of infected mollusks or wound lesions that develop into generalized infections. Illness may be associated with necrotizing fasciitis and may require several weeks of therapy, often based on a surgical operation, demarcation of necrosis or limb amputation. A case such as the one described in this manuscript has not been previously described in Poland and demonstrates the need for a multidisciplinary approach to infection with Vibrio vulnificus. Case Presentation: A 68-year-old patient was pricked with an unknown object in the side of a lower limb during his stay at the Polish seaside. He developed a life-threatening infection in the form of severe sepsis with multiple organ failure. He required broadspectrum antibiotic therapy, and after obtaining results for Vibrio vulnificus targeted therapy, a surgical operation with skin lesion decompression and fasciotomy was performed. Finally, hyperbaric chamber therapy was given. The patient's general condition improved, and local changes and his vital parameters stabilized. Conclusion:Vibrio vulnificus infection may be confused with other causes of skin and subcutaneous tissue infection, although it requires a different approach and different targeted antibiotic therapies. This infection may take the form of a life-threatening disease requiring a multidisciplinary approach.

Vibrio infection in freshwater fish in Poland

“…The literature indicates that three biotypes are potentially pathogenic for humans (Baker-Austin et al 2018). Human infections caused by V. vulnificus have been reported in northern Poland (Aksak-Wąs et al 2021). Research by Kurpas et al (2021) confirmed the presence of potentially pathogenic V. vulnificus in the Gulf of Gdansk.…”

Vibrio vulnificus infection from tilapia sting wounds in an inland city: A case report

“…Some environmental parameters affect the virulence and abundance of V. vulnificus , including ocean temperature, turbidity, conductivity, sea level, sea ice, winds, salinity, and wavelength and velocity of propagation [ 11 ]. In recent years, climate warming has led to an increased risk of V. vulnificus infections [ 12 , 13 ]. When the water temperature exceeds 18 °C, bacterial growth is increased, with an optimal growth temperature of 26 °C [ 2 ].…”