Septicaemia and septic arthritis in a neonatal calf caused by<i>Lactococcus lactis</i>

Wichtel, Maureen; Fenwick, Stan; Hunter, Jacqueline A.; Stephenson, Anya; Martin, Diana; Wichtel, Jeffrey

doi:10.1136/vr.153.1.22

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…There is no categorization according to the European Pharmacopoeia, and a single dose of 500 mg was found in the German Database. The volatile oil content is described as 2–3% ,, and therefore, each marker in Table was calculated using 1.88 mg. All markers are highly permeable and thus Ginger belongs to BCS class II as some of the mentioned markers, e.g., 8-shogaol and 10- shogaol in Table are poorly soluble and thus belong to class II .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Provisional Biopharmaceutical Classification of Some Common Herbs Used in Western Medicine

et al. 2012

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The aim of this study was to classify some markers of common herbs used in Western medicine according to the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS). The BCS is a scientific approach to classify drug substances based upon their intestinal permeability and their solubility, at the highest single dose used, within the physiologically relevant pH ranges. Known marker components of twelve herbs were chosen from the USP Dietary Supplement Compendium Monographs. Different BCS parameters such as intestinal permeability (P(eff)) and solubility (C(s)) were predicted using the ADMET Predictor, which is a software program to estimate biopharmaceutical relevant molecular descriptors. The dose number (D₀) was calculated when information from the literature was available to identify an upper dose for individual markers. In these cases the herbs were classified according to the traditional BCS parameters using P(eff) and D₀. When no upper dose could be determined, then the amount of a marker that is just soluble in 250 mL of water was calculated. This value, M(x), defines when a marker is changing from highly soluble to poorly soluble according to BCS criteria. This biopharmaceutically relevant value can be a useful tool for marker selection. The present study showed that a provisional BCS classification of herbs is possible but some special considerations need to be included into the classification strategy. The BCS classification can be used to choose appropriate quality control tests for products containing these markers. A provisional BCS classification of twelve common herbs and their 35 marker compounds is presented.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Provisional Biopharmaceutical Classification of Some Common Herbs Used in Western Medicine

et al. 2012

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“…A previous study similarly reported that E. coli made up 51 % of isolates when blood from critically-ill neonatal calves was cultured in the conventional way 7 . Furthermore, E. coli and Lactococcus lactis were determined in septicaemia and septic arthritis in neonatal calves using the same method 26 . In Oxoid Signal blood culture systems, E. coli (65 %) and Group D streptococci (11.5 %) were isolated from the blood of septicaemic calves and foals 11 , while E. coli (56 %) and Actinobacillus sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of pathogenic aerobic bacteria from the blood of septicaemic neonatal calves and the susceptibility of isolates to various antibiotics

Kıreçcı¹,

Özkanlar²,

Aktaş³

et al. 2010

J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc.

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An automated blood culture system (BACTEC 9240) was used for the isolation of aerobic bacteria from the blood of septicaemic neonatal calves. Blood samples were collected from 90 clinically septicaemic and 20 healthy neonatal calves and inoculated into blood culture bottles. There were 89 significant isolates from 90 positive blood cultures using the BACTEC system. Escherichia coli was the most common pathogen detected accounting for 56 (63 %) out of 89 isolates. The other pathogens were β-haemolytic streptococci (15.7 %), Staphylococcusaureus (10.1 %), Klebsiella sp. (5.6 %) and Corynebacterium sp. (5.6 %). All isolates showed a susceptibility rate of 100 % to enrofloxacin, cefepim, cefoperazone / sulbactam, imipenem and meropenem while some of them were ranged from 75 to 91.7 % susceptible to amoxicillin / clavulanic acid, ampicillin / sulbactam, gentamicin and cephalosporins.

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“…Streptococcus lactis, recently reclassified as Lactococcus lactis, is not recognized as a common veterinary pathogen, but it has occasionally been reported in the etiology of cattle mastitis and in septic arthritis of the neonatal calf (Wichtel et al 2003). L. lactis is considered to be a skin commensal, and cattle are natural hosts.…”

Section: Resale or Republication Not Permitted Without Written Consenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are often misidentified as entercocci or streptococci, and elucidation of their clinical significance has likely been hindered by the difficulties in correct identification. However, the number of clinical cases associated with infections by L. lactis and L. garvieae has increased in the last decade in both humans and animals (Clark & Burnie 1991, Campell et al 1993, James et al 2000, Wichtel et al 2003.Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, L. piscium and L. garvieae are recognized as the species with clinical significance for human and veterinary medicine.…”

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confidence: 99%

Lactococcus lactis subspecies lactis also causes white muscle disease in farmed giant freshwater prawns Macrobrachium rosenbergii

Wang

Lin²,

Liaw³

et al. 2008

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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From May to August 2001 in Taiwan, 27 farms for the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii experienced white tail disease outbreaks in animals approximately 3 to 5 mo old, with total lengths from 6 to 8 cm. Examination of the infected prawns revealed not only previously reported Lactococcus garvieae (16 farms) but also the novel L. lactis subsp. lactis (10 farms). One farm had shrimp infected with both bacteria. In the farms with L. lactis infections, the cumulative mortality was approximately 25 to 60%. Gross signs of disease were opaque and whitish muscles, while histopathology included marked edema and necrotic lesions, with inflammation in the muscles and hepatopancreas. Bacteria isolated using brain/heart infusion medium or tryptic soy agar were Gram-positive and ovoid. Eleven isolates from different farms were identified as L. lactis subsp. lactis using API 20 Strep and Rapid ID32 Strep tests and using PCR assays specific for the L. lactis subsp. lactis 16S rDNA gene (650 bp amplicon) and for the 16S to 23S rDNA interspacer region (380 bp amplicon). In addition, sequencing of the full 16S rDNA genes of 2 of the isolates (MR17 and MR26; GenBank Accession Numbers AF493058 and AF493057, respectively) revealed 99.9% identity between the isolates and 98.7% identity to several complete 16S rRNA sequences of L. lactis subsp. lactis at GenBank. Experimental infections with our isolates gave gross signs and histopathological changes similar to those seen in naturally infected prawns. The mean lethal dose of 4 isolates and the reference strain L. lactis subsp. lactis BCRC 10791 ranged from 4.2 × 10 6 to 2.5 × 10 7 colony-forming units prawn -1 , indicating virulence similar to that previously reported for L. garvieae. This is the first report confirming L. lactis subsp. lactis as a pathogen in juvenile and adult prawns from aquaculture.KEY WORDS: Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis · Giant freshwater prawn · Macrobrachium rosenbergii · PCR · 16S rDNA sequencing · 16S to 23S rDNA interspacer regions gene Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 79: [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] 2008 molymph and opaque or whitish muscles (Shu 1993, Chen et al. 2003, and a Lactococcus garvieae infection that occurs principally in the hot season (June to September, especially during phytoplankton blooms) and causes muscle necrosis (Cheng & Chen 1988a,b, Chen et al. 2001. Streptococcus lactis, recently reclassified as Lactococcus lactis, is not recognized as a common veterinary pathogen, but it has occasionally been reported in the etiology of cattle mastitis and in septic arthritis of the neonatal calf (Wichtel et al. 2003). L. lactis is considered to be a skin commensal, and cattle are natural hosts. Although rare, human infection with L. lactis was first reported by Ledger et al. (1974). It has since been reported as a cause of endocarditis (Mannion & Rothburn 1990, Clark & Burnie 1991, arthritis (Campbell et al. 1993) and septicemia in an immunocompromised ...

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Septicaemia and septic arthritis in a neonatal calf caused byLactococcus lactis

Abstract: Differentiation of porcine circovirus I and 2 in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome by in-situ hybridisation. Research in

Cited by 8 publications

References 8 publications

Provisional Biopharmaceutical Classification of Some Common Herbs Used in Western Medicine

Provisional Biopharmaceutical Classification of Some Common Herbs Used in Western Medicine

Isolation of pathogenic aerobic bacteria from the blood of septicaemic neonatal calves and the susceptibility of isolates to various antibiotics

Lactococcus lactis subspecies lactis also causes white muscle disease in farmed giant freshwater prawns Macrobrachium rosenbergii

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