Septicemia in 980 Patients at a University Hospital in Berlin: Prospective Studies During 4 Selected Years Between 1979 and 1989

Geerdes, Hilte F.; Ziegler, Dietmar; Lode, H.; Hund, Marianne; Loehr, A; Fangmann, Wilhelm; Wagner, Jutta

doi:10.1093/clind/15.6.991

Cited by 129 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…In three distinct studies, the proportion of infections due to gram-negative bacteria varied between 30 and 80% and that of infections due to gram-positive bacteria varied between 6 and 24% of the total number of cases of sepsis, with the remainder being accounted for by other pathogenic organisms (168). However, the contribution of gram-positive bacteria to sepsis has increased, and in the early 1990s it accounted for more than 50% of all cases of septicemia (27,161), with Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis being responsible for more than half of the cases of sepsis due to gram-positive bacteria (27,161). The increasing septicemia rates are probably caused by the increasing use of catheters and other invasive equipment, by chemotherapy, and by immunosuppression in patients with organ transplants or inflammatory diseases.…”

Section: Sepsis and Septic Shockmentioning

confidence: 99%

Receptors, Mediators, and Mechanisms Involved in Bacterial Sepsis and Septic Shock

2003

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Bacterial sepsis and septic shock result from the overproduction of inflammatory mediators as a consequence of the interaction of the immune system with bacteria and bacterial wall constituents in the body. Bacterial cell wall constituents such as lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycans, and lipoteichoic acid are particularly responsible for the deleterious effects of bacteria. These constituents interact in the body with a large number of proteins and receptors, and this interaction determines the eventual inflammatory effect of the compounds. Within the circulation bacterial constituents interact with proteins such as plasma lipoproteins and lipopolysaccharide binding protein. The interaction of the bacterial constituents with receptors on the surface of mononuclear cells is mainly responsible for the induction of proinflammatory mediators by the bacterial constituents. The role of individual receptors such as the toll-like receptors and CD14 in the induction of proinflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules is discussed in detail. In addition, the roles of a number of other receptors that bind bacterial compounds such as scavenger receptors and their modulating role in inflammation are described. Finally, the therapies for the treatment of bacterial sepsis and septic shock are discussed in relation to the action of the aforementioned receptors and proteins

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Section: Sepsis and Septic Shockmentioning

confidence: 99%

Receptors, Mediators, and Mechanisms Involved in Bacterial Sepsis and Septic Shock

2003

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“…However, the contribution of Grampositive bacteria to sepsis has increased in recent years. The mortality rates in patients with septic shock vary from 20 to 80% (7,8). The production of cytokines, such as TNF-␣ and IL-1, initiated by bacterial components such as LPS, LTA, and peptidoglycan (PGN), can lead to the development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiorgan system dysfunction.…”

Section: Lipoteichoic Acid Isolated From Lactobacillus Plantarum Inhimentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipoteichoic Acid Isolated from Lactobacillus plantarum Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced TNF-α Production in THP-1 Cells and Endotoxin Shock in Mice

Kim

Gim

et al. 2008

The Journal of Immunology

111

108

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In this study, the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum lipoteichoic acid (pLTA) on LPS-induced MAPK activation, NF-κB activation, and the expression of TNF-α and IL-1R-associated kinase M (IRAK-M) was examined. The expression of the pattern recognition receptor and the survival rate of mice were also examined. pLTA pretreatment inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and p38 kinase. It also inhibited the degradation of IκBα and IκBβ, as well as the activation of the LPS-induced TNF-α factor in response to subsequent LPS stimulation. These changes were accompanied by the suppression of the LPS-induced expression of TLR4, NOD1, and NOD2, and the induction of IRAK-M, with a concurrent reduction of TNF-α secretion. Furthermore, the overexpression of pattern recognition receptors such as TLR4, NOD1, and NOD2 and the degradation of IRAK-M by transient transfection were found to reinstate the production of TNF-α after LPS restimulation. In addition, the i.p. injection of pLTA suppressed fatality, and decreased the level of TNF-α in the blood, in LPS-induced endotoxin shock mice. In conclusion, these data extend our understanding of the pLTA tolerance mechanism, which is related to the inhibition of LPS-induced endotoxin shock, and suggest that pLTA may have promise as a new therapeutic agent for LPS-induced septic shock.

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“…In the USA in 2001, more than 52.1% of patients were hospitalized with Gram-positive sepsis (Leaver et al 2008). Furthermore, there is a tendency toward increased mortality in patients with Gram-positive sepsis and decreased mortality in patients infected with Gram-negative bacteria (Geerdes et al 1992). Importantly, increased drug resistance has been reported for Gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus (Wang et al 2003;Leaver et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recombinant human Hsp70 protects against lipoteichoic acid-induced inflammation manifestations at the cellular and organismal levels

Винокуров

Ostrov

Yurinskaya

et al. 2012

Cell Stress and Chaperones

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It has been previously reported that pretreatment with exogenous heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is able to protect cells and animals from the deleterious effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) produced by Gramnegative bacteria. However, the effects of Hsp70 pretreatment on lipoteichoic acid (LTA) challenge resulted from Gram-positive bacteria infection have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that preconditioning with human recombinant Hsp70 ameliorates various manifestations of systematic inflammation, including reactive oxygen species, TNFα, and CD11b/CD18 adhesion receptor expression induction observed in different myeloid cells after LTA addition. Therefore, exogenous Hsp70 may provide a mechanism for controlling excessive inflammatory responses after macrophage activation. Furthermore, in a rat model of LTA-induced sepsis, we demonstrated that prophylactic administration of exogenous human Hsp70 significantly exacerbated numerous homeostatic and hemodynamic disturbances induced by LTA challenge and partially normalized the coagulation system and multiple biochemical blood parameters, including albumin and bilirubin concentrations, which were severely disturbed after LTA injections. Importantly, prophylactic intravenous injection of Hsp70 before LTA challenge significantly reduced mortality rates. Thus, exogenous mammalian Hsp70 may serve as a powerful cellular defense agent against the deleterious effects of bacterial pathogens, such as LTA and LPS. Taken together, our findings reveal novel functions of this protein and establish exogenous Hsp70 as a promising pharmacological agent for the prophylactic treatment of various types of sepsis.

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Septicemia in 980 Patients at a University Hospital in Berlin: Prospective Studies During 4 Selected Years Between 1979 and 1989

Cited by 129 publications

References 97 publications

Receptors, Mediators, and Mechanisms Involved in Bacterial Sepsis and Septic Shock

Receptors, Mediators, and Mechanisms Involved in Bacterial Sepsis and Septic Shock

Lipoteichoic Acid Isolated from Lactobacillus plantarum Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced TNF-α Production in THP-1 Cells and Endotoxin Shock in Mice

Recombinant human Hsp70 protects against lipoteichoic acid-induced inflammation manifestations at the cellular and organismal levels

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