Septum Formation and Cytokinesis in Ascomycete Fungi

Seiler, Stephan; Heilig, Yvonne

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-05448-9_2

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 249 publications

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“…To characterize the role of FgPal1 in septation, we analysed the spatio‐temporal association of FgPal1‐GFP and LifeAct‐RFP during septum formation. LifeAct‐RFP signals representing F‐actin cables became visible as the septal actin tangle (SAT) at the septation site (Seiler and Heilig, 2019) (Fig. 6B).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

FgPal1 regulates morphogenesis and pathogenesis in Fusarium graminearum

Yin

Hao

Niu

et al. 2020

Environmental Microbiology

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Ascospores are the primary inoculum in Fusarium graminearum, a causal agent of wheat head blight. In a previous study, FgPAL1 was found to be upregulated in the Fgama1 mutant and important for ascosporogenesis. However, the biological function of this well-conserved gene in filamentous ascomycetes is not clear. In this study, we characterized its functions in growth, differentiation and pathogenesis. The Fgpal1 mutant had severe growth defects and often displayed abnormal hyphal tips. It was defective in infectious growth in rachis tissues and spreading in wheat heads. The Fgpal1 mutant produced conidia with fewer septa and more nuclei per compartment than the wild type. In actively growing hyphal tips, FgPal1-GFP mainly localized to the subapical collar and septa. The FgPal1 and LifeAct partially co-localized at the subapical region in an interdependent manner. The Fgpal1 mutant was normal in meiosis with eight nuclei in developing asci but most asci were aborted. Taken together, our results showed that FgPal1 plays a role in maintaining polarized tip growth and coordination between nuclear division and cytokinesis, and it is also important for infectious growth and developments of ascospores by the free cell formation process.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

FgPal1 regulates morphogenesis and pathogenesis in Fusarium graminearum

Yin

Hao

Niu

et al. 2020

Environmental Microbiology

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“…These consistencies suggest that the septation response to wall stress is at least conserved broadly across Eurotiales. Furthermore, the conservation of CWI and SIN pathway components across a wide range of fungal species 19,26,48,73,[84][85][86][87][88] , raises the possibility that the crosstalk mechanism discovered in this study may, in some semblance, be employed by fungi more broadly to respond to cell wall stress.…”

Section: Sin Receives Cwi Signal Through Sephmentioning

confidence: 93%

Protein Kinases MpkA and SepH Transduce Crosstalk Between CWI and SIN Pathways to Activate Protective Hyphal Septation Under Echinocandin Cell Wall Stress

Doan,

Schafer,

Douglas

et al. 2024

Preprint

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This study investigates a previously unreported stress signal transduced as crosstalk between the Cell Wall Integrity (CWI) pathway and the Septation Initiation Network (SIN). Echinocandins, which target cell wall synthesis, are widely used to treat mycoses. Their efficacy, however, is species specific; our findings suggest this is due largely to CWI-SIN crosstalk and the ability of filamentous species to fortify with septa in response to echinocandin stress. To better understand this crosstalk, we used a microscopy-based assay to measure septum density, aiming to understand the septation response to cell wall stress. The echinocandin micafungin, an inhibitor of β-(1,3)-glucan synthase, was employed to induce this stress. We observed a strong positive correlation between micafungin treatment and septum density in wild-type strains. This finding suggests that CWI activates SIN under cell wall stress, increasing septum density to protect against cell wall failure. More detailed investigations, with targeted knockouts of CWI and SIN signaling proteins, enabled us to identify crosstalk occurring between the CWI kinase, MpkA, and the SIN kinase, SepH. This discovery, of previously unknown crosstalk between the CWI and SIN pathways, not only reshapes our understanding of fungal stress responses, but also unveils a promising new target pathway for the development of novel antifungal strategies.

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“…Nagy et al (2018) describe in detail the eight instances of 'complex multicellularity' in Fungi, all found in three highly derived fungal phyla: Mucoromycota, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Such 'higher fungi', especially those belonging to the latter two phyla, grow through a conserved process (Seiler & Heilig, 2019): first their hyphae expand by tip growth, then nuclear divisions take place, sometimes accompanied by active nuclear migration to expanded tips, and only later septation. Not every division triggers septation, so that hyphal compartments are often multinucleate.…”

Section: (B) Internal Division In Vegetative Forms: Septationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of ‘simple’ multicellular eukaryotes: 45 independent cases and six types of multicellularity

Lamża

2023

Biological Reviews

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Multicellularity evolved multiple times in the history of life, with most reviewers agreeing that it appeared at least 20 times in eukaryotes. However, a specific list of multicellular eukaryotes with clear criteria for inclusion has not yet been published. Herein, an updated critical review of eukaryotic multicellularity is presented, based on current understanding of eukaryotic phylogeny and new discoveries in microbiology, phycology and mycology. As a result, 45 independent multicellular lineages are identified that fall into six distinct types. Functional criteria, as distinct from a purely topological definition of a cell, are introduced to bring uniformity and clarity to the existing definitions of terms such as colony, multicellularity, thallus or plasmodium. The category of clonal multicellularity is expanded to include: (i) septated multinucleated thalli found in Pseudofungi and early‐branching Fungi such as Chytridiomycota and Blastocladiomycota; and (ii) multicellular reproductive structures formed by plasmotomy in intracellular parasites such as Phytomyxea. Furthermore, (iii) endogeneous budding, as found in Paramyxida, is described as a form of multicellularity. The best‐known case of clonal multicellularity, i.e. (iv) non‐separation of cells after cell division, as known from Metazoa and Ochrophyta, is also discussed. The category of aggregative multicellularity is expanded to include not only (v) pseudoplasmodial forms, such a sorocarp‐forming Acrasida, but also (vi) meroplasmodial organisms, such as members of Variosea or Filoreta. A common set of topological, geometric, genetic and life‐cycle criteria are presented that form a coherent, philosophically sound framework for discussing multicellularity. A possibility of a seventh type of multicellularity is discussed, that of multi‐species superorganisms formed by protists with obligatory bacterial symbionts, such as some members of Oxymonada or Parabasalia. Its inclusion is dependent on the philosophical stance taken towards the concepts of individuality and organism in biology. Taxa that merit special attention are identified, such as colonial Centrohelea, and a new speculative form of multicellularity, possibly present in some reticulopodial amoebae, is briefly described. Because of insufficient phylogenetic and morphological data, not all lineages could be unequivocally identified, and the true total number of all multicellular eukaryotic lineages is therefore higher, likely close to a hundred.

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Septum Formation and Cytokinesis in Ascomycete Fungi

Cited by 6 publications

References 249 publications

FgPal1 regulates morphogenesis and pathogenesis in Fusarium graminearum

FgPal1 regulates morphogenesis and pathogenesis in Fusarium graminearum

Protein Kinases MpkA and SepH Transduce Crosstalk Between CWI and SIN Pathways to Activate Protective Hyphal Septation Under Echinocandin Cell Wall Stress

Diversity of ‘simple’ multicellular eukaryotes: 45 independent cases and six types of multicellularity

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