Sequence analysis of a 212 kb defensin gene cluster on ECA 27q17

Looft, Christian; Paul, Sven; Philipp, Ute; Regenhard, Petra; Kuiper, H.; Distl, O.; Chowdhary, Bhanu P.; Leeb, Tosso

doi:10.1016/j.gene.2006.03.006

Cited by 18 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Genomic sequences and transcripts of several aand b-defensins were identified (Davis et al 2004, Looft et al 2006, Bruhn et al 2007, Bruhn 2009). Davis et al (2004) examined tissues of a single healthy horse by RT-PCR and detected equine b-defensin-1 mRNA in multiple organs (lymph node, spleen, liver, lungs, small intestine, heart and kidney); endometrium was not investigated in this study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Davis et al (2004) examined tissues of a single healthy horse by RT-PCR and detected equine b-defensin-1 mRNA in multiple organs (lymph node, spleen, liver, lungs, small intestine, heart and kidney); endometrium was not investigated in this study. Bruhn (2009) screened several epithelial tissues of a single horse and umbilical cord of a foal for the transcription of the genomic sequences of the putative a-defensin (DEFA5L) and several putative b-defensins (DEFB103, DEFL1, DEFL2 and DEFL3) that had been identified by Looft et al (2006). DEFL2 and DEFL3 were detected in several tissues; DEFL3 was present also in the uterus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the detection of b-defensin protein, an anti human b-defensin-2 antibody was used that had been shown previously to cross-react with equine tissue (Yasui et al 2007). This antibody was applied, since equine b-defensin-1 displays the greatest peptide sequence homologies to human b-defensin-2 and porcine b-defensin-1 (Davis et al 2004, Looft et al 2006 and no commercial antibody for labelling of equine b-defensin-1 was available at the time of this study.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Beta-defensin is a component of the endometrial immune defence in the mare

Schöniger¹,

Grafe²,

Schoon³

2013

PHK

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SummaryDefensins are antimicrobial peptides of the innate immune defence. The aim of the present study was to examine if b-defensin is expressed in the equine endometrium. Endometrial tissue samples were available from 29 mares. Performed were a histological examination (n=28), and immunohistochemistry (n =28). Mares aged 3 -20 years. Endometrosis was diagnosed in 20 mares; in the biopsy of 1 mare, endometrial glands could not be evaluated. Endometritis was observed in 12 and angiosclerosis in 21 mares. No endometrial alterations were found in 3 mares. Expression of equine b-defensin-1 mRNA was detected in all 29 mares and confirmed by sequencing in 11 cases. Immunostaining for b-defensin was detected in all 28 mares investigated; however, in 1 mare the surface and in another mare the glandular epithelium could not be evaluated. Immunopositive cell populations were the luminal epithelium (n=27), the glandular epithelium (n=20), stromal cells (n=6) and the vascular tunica media (n=14). The majority of immunopositive cells were located within the luminal epithelium and the duct of the endometrial glands. The immunostainig of the epithelium was predominantly cytoplasmic and less frequently nuclear. Stromal cells showed a nuclear staining. The smooth muscle cells of the vascular tunica media displayed a cytoplasmic labelling in 13 mares and a nuclear staining in 1 mare. This study demonstrates the expression of b-defensins in the healthy and diseased equine endometrium and indicates that b-defensin contributes to the endometrial immune defence in the mare.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Beta-defensin is a component of the endometrial immune defence in the mare

Schöniger¹,

Grafe²,

Schoon³

2013

PHK

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“…On the basis of sequence information for the equine BAC clone CHORI 241-245H5 (GenBank ® Nucleotide Sequence Database accession number AY170305 [34]), primers were constructed to amplify a cDNA representing the potential α-defensin. Total RNA was isolated from 13 epithelial tissues (skin, teat, vagina, tongue, gingiva, oesophagus, trachea, lung, small intestine, large intestine, umbilical cord, uterus and meninges) and blood using the RNeasy mini kit (Qiagen).…”

Section: Transcriptional Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel horse α-defensin: gene transcription, recombinant expression and characterization of the structure and function

Bruhn

Regenhard

Michalek

et al. 2007

Biochemical Journal

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Defensins are a predominant class of antimicrobial peptides, which act as endogenous antibiotics. Defensins are classified into three distinct sub-families: θ -, β-, and α-defensins. Synthesis of α-defensin has been confirmed only in primates and glires to date and is presumably unique for a few tissues, including neutrophils and Paneth cells of the small intestine. Antimicrobial activities of these peptides were shown against a wide variety of microbes including bacteria, fungi, viruses and protozoan parasites. In the present study, we report the characterization of the equine α-defensin DEFA (defensin α) 1. Transcription analysis revealed that the transcript of the gene is present in the small intestine only. An alignment with known α-defensins from primates and glires displayed a homology with Paneth-cell-specific α-defensins. DEFA1 was recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli and subsequently analysed structurally by CD and molecular modelling. To examine the antimicrobial properties, a radial diffusion assay was performed with 12 different micro-organisms and the LD 90 (lethal dose killing 90 % of target organism) and MBC (minimal bactericidal concentration) values were examined. DEFA1 showed an antimicrobial activity against different Grampositive and Gram-negative bacteria and against the yeast Candida albicans. Using viable bacteria in combination with a membrane-impermeable fluorescent dye, as well as depolarization of liposomes as a minimalistic system, it became evident that membrane permeabilization is at least an essential part of the peptide's mode of action.

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“…Using a variety of bioinformatics tools such as hidden Markov model (HMM) and BLAST search, as well as by using known antimicrobial peptide sequences as queries, 28 new -defensin genes were found in five conserved -defensin gene clusters in the human genome [54]. Genomic sequence analysis for novel defensins and cathelicidins has been extended to other species [142][143][144][145][146]. Such a remarkable number of newly identified antimicrobial peptides provide excellent opportunities for structural and functional studies that improve our understanding of human innate immunity and host defense.…”

Section: Identification Of Antimicrobial Peptides and Their Derivativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tool Developments for Structure-Function Studies of Host Defense Peptides

Wang¹

2007

PPL

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Antimicrobial peptides, or host defense peptides, are universal signaling and effector molecules in host defense and innate immunity. This article highlights various tools developed for cathelicidins and defensins, ranging from peptide identification, production, and structural biology, including the eight databases for antimicrobial peptides. Novel peptides can be identified from natural sources at both gene and protein levels. Solid-phase synthesis and bacterial expression are the two important methods for peptide production. Three-dimensional structures of antimicrobial peptides, primarily determined by solution NMR techniques, are essential for an in-depth understanding of the mode of action. The introduction of octanoyl phosphatidylglycerol as a bacterial membrane-mimetic model provides new insights into peptide-lipid interactions. The incorporation of structure and activity data into the antimicrobial peptide database (http://aps.unmc.edu/AP/main.html) will lead to an integrated understanding of these peptides via structural bioinformatics.

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Sequence analysis of a 212 kb defensin gene cluster on ECA 27q17

Cited by 18 publications

References 31 publications

Beta-defensin is a component of the endometrial immune defence in the mare

Beta-defensin is a component of the endometrial immune defence in the mare

A novel horse α-defensin: gene transcription, recombinant expression and characterization of the structure and function

Tool Developments for Structure-Function Studies of Host Defense Peptides

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