Sequence data reveals phylogenetic affinities of fungal anamorphs Bahusutrabeeja, Diplococcium, Natarajania, Paliphora, Polyschema, Rattania and Spadicoides

Abstract

Partial 28S rRNA gene sequence-data of the strains of the anamorphic genera Bahusutrabeeja, Diplococcium, Natarajania, Paliphora, Polyschema, Rattania and Spadicoides were analysed to predict their phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic placement within the Ascomycota. Results indicate that Diplococcium and morphologically similar genera, i.e. Spadicoides, Paliphora and Polyschema do not share a recent common ancestor. The type species of Diplococcium, D. spicatum is referred to Helotiales (Leotiomycetes). The placement of Spadicoides bina, the type of the genus, is unresolved but it is shown to be closely associated with Porosphaerella species, which are sister taxa to Coniochaetales (Sordariomycetes). Three Polyschema species analysed in this study represent a monophyletic lineage and are related to Lentithecium fluviatile and Leptosphaeria calvescens in Pleosporales (Dothideomycetes). DNA sequence analysis also suggests that Paliphora intermedia is a member of Chaetosphaeriaceae (Sordariomycetes). The type species of Bahusutrabeeja, B. dwaya, is phylogenetically related to Neodeightonia (=Botryosphaeria) subglobosa in Botryosphaeriales (Dothideomycetes). Monotypic genera Natarajania and Rattania are phylogenetically related to members of Diaporthales and Chaetosphaeriales, respectively. Future studies with extended gene datasets and type strains are required to resolve many novel but morphologically unexplainable phylogenetic scenarios revealed from this study. It is increasingly becoming evident that a fungal lineage may include a mosaic of anamorphs, teleomorphs and pleomorphs whose morphologies may not always be correlated. It is therefore suggested that where possible all new species descriptions, whether teleomorphic, anamorphic or pleomorphic, should include DNA sequence-data to facilitate amalgamation of anamorphic and pleomorphic genera in a single phylogenetic classification system.

Sexual and asexual states of some endophyticPhialocephalaspecies ofPicea

“…Bispora, Diplococcium, Paradidymobotryum, Septonema). While such conidial states have not been formally associated with Phialocephala, Diplococcium spicatum (CBS 162.47, CBS 852.73), Trimmatostroma betulinum (CBS 282.74) and T. salicis (CPC 13571), sequences in GenBank are closely related to Phialocephala and Mollisia (Crous et al 2007, Shenoy et al 2010, Lin et al 2011. Trimmatostroma, a phylogenetically heterogeneous asexual genus, is characterized by arthric chains of brown phragmo-or dictyoconidia while Diplococcium, also phylogenetically heterogeneous, is characterized by brown, didymo-or phragmoconidia in branched or unbranched acropetal chains from polytretic conidiogenous cells .…”

“…Phialocephala catenospora produced a diplococcium-like conidial state with acropetal chains of 1-4-septate, blastic conidia. This probably explains why accessioned sequences of fungi collected from wood and identified as Trimmatostroma or Diploccium sometimes are associated in the phylogenetic and morphotaxonomic literature with Phialocephala or Mollisia states (Crous et al 2007, Shenoy et al 2010. Notably Le Gal and Mangenot (1956) described a Mollisia sp.…”

Nomenclatural and identification pitfalls of endophytic mycota based on DNA sequence analyses of ribosomal and protein genes phylogenetic markers: A taxonomic dead end?

“…A close connection with an uncultured fungus [GU187881] is also interesting, but there are disparities in morphology and cultural characteristics between our endophyte and Phoma especially in conidial or chlamydospore morphology. There are asexual morphs with chlamydospores within the Pleosporales (Shenoy et al 2006(Shenoy et al , 2007(Shenoy et al , 2010Jayasiri et al 2016). For example, the genus Embellisia is characterized by proliferating chlamydospores and hyphal coils in culture and these are different from our morphological and cultural observations of our endophytic isolate.…”

Fungos conidiais em Euterpe oleracea Mart. (açaizeiro) na Ilha do Combu, Pará-Brasil

“…Spadicoides possui coní-dios solitários, enquanto Diplococcium apresenta conídios catenados (Sinclair et al 1985, Goh & Hyde 1996. Análises moleculares sugerem que algumas espécies de Spadicoides estão filogeneticamente relacionadas com as classes Dothideomycetes e Sordariomycetes (Shenoy et al 2010), revelando a natureza polifilética do gênero. Conforme Ma et al (2012) atualmente são aceitas 33 espécies em Spadicoides.…”