Sequence-Defined Tertiary Amine-Based Oligomer Employing a Scalable, Support-Free, and Protection/Deprotection-Free Iterative Strategy

Abstract

Sequence-defined oligomers (SDOs) with their unique monomeric sequence and customizable nature are attracting the attention of researchers globally. The structural and functional diversity attainable in SDOs makes this platform promising, albeit with challenges in the synthesis. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a novel class of SDO by incorporating tertiary amines into the backbone from commercially available inexpensive materials. Tertiary amines were selected due to their various material and biomedical applications. Even though the synthesis and purification of amine compounds are challenging, their various significant applications, such as pharmaceuticals, catalysts, surfactants, corrosion inhibitors, dye intermediates, polymer additives, rubber accelerators, gas treating agents, agriculture, and analytical chemistry, make them fascinating. The synthetic strategy that is designed here is extremely efficient and economical for the scalable synthesis of the SDO and is support-free, protection−deprotection chemistry-free, and catalyst/template-free. Most importantly, no extra design and synthesis of the monomer is required here. The key reactions employed for the SDO synthesis are (i) transformation of the hydroxy group to a halide and (ii) substitution of the halide by the secondary amine units. Including the purifying processes, the multigram synthesis of 4-mer was completed in 12−14 h. The synthetic strategy was established by synthesizing two different sequences of SDOs. The SDOs are characterized by 1 H NMR and LC-MS. The tandem MS (MS/MS) experiment was conducted in order to validate the sequences over the SDO chain. Furthermore, the SDO platform was advanced in two ways: (i) by increasing the chain length via attaching a linker, which provides a rapid method for increasing the tertiary amine over the SDO chain, and (ii) postsynthetic modification of SDO with other functional groups, including guanidine for biological importance and a well-known fluorophore dansyl group for material significance.

Microencapsulation of Grain Boundaries for Moisture-Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

“…In addition, the 2.22 and 2.45 ppm peaks are indicative of the occurrence of tertiary amine bonds. Thus, secondary and tertiary amines coexist in the polymer Figure (b) demonstrates a schematic PoEC procedure for in situ microencapsulation, where the perovskite precursor with DGEBA is spin-coated (designated as R process), followed by the injection of IPDA dissolved in antisolvent (H process).…”