Sequence of changes in properties of neurons of superior colliculus of the kitten during maturation.

Stein, Barry E.; Lábos, E.; Kruger, Lawrence

doi:10.1152/jn.1973.36.4.667

Cited by 133 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Such a spatial organization was not violated during development, perhaps be- cause this fundamental feature of cortical organization (Barth et al, 1993;Wallace et al, 2004a) (but see Ghazanfar and Schroeder, 2006) is established even before the networks are responsive to sensory stimuli. The sensory chronology of AES appears to follow a pattern closely paralleling that found in its major subcortical target structure, the SC (Stein et al, 1973). This midbrain structure plays a central role in the transformation of sensory signals into premotor commands (Sparks, 1986;Stein and Meredith, 1993) and depends on AES for its ability to integrate cross-modal inputs to amplify its sensory responses and the behaviors that depend on them (Stein et al, 1989;Wallace et al, 1993;Wilkinson et al, 1996;Wallace and Stein, 2000;Jiang et al, 2001Jiang et al, , 2002Jiang et al, , 2006.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…The maturation of these behaviors has been well documented and follows a characteristic chronology with somatosensory responses appearing before birth (Stein et al, 1973), facilitating later orientation to the nipple (Larson and Stein, 1984). These are then followed by the appearance of auditory and then visual responsiveness during postnatal life (Stein et al, 1973;Kao et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Development of Cortical Multisensory Integration

Wallace

Carriere²,

Perrault³

et al. 2006

J. Neurosci.

118

120

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although there are many perceptual theories that posit particular maturational profiles in higher-order (i.e., cortical) multisensory regions, our knowledge of multisensory development is primarily derived from studies of a midbrain structure, the superior colliculus. Therefore, the present study examined the maturation of multisensory processes in an area of cat association cortex [i.e., the anterior ectosylvian sulcus (AES)] and found that these processes are rudimentary during early postnatal life and develop only gradually thereafter. The AES comprises separate visual, auditory, and somatosensory regions, along with many multisensory neurons at the intervening borders between them. During early life, sensory responsiveness in AES appears in an orderly sequence. Somatosensory neurons are present at 4 weeks of age and are followed by auditory and multisensory (somatosensory-auditory) neurons. Visual neurons and visually responsive multisensory neurons are first seen at 12 weeks of age. The earliest multisensory neurons are strikingly immature, lacking the ability to synthesize the cross-modal information they receive. With postnatal development, multisensory integrative capacity matures. The delayed maturation of multisensory neurons and multisensory integration in AES suggests that the higher-order processes dependent on these circuits appear comparatively late in ontogeny.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of Cortical Multisensory Integration

Wallace

Carriere²,

Perrault³

et al. 2006

J. Neurosci.

118

120

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, multisensory integration is not an innate capability of SC neurons. Multisensory neurons are absent in the SC of the newborn cat (Stein et al, 1973;Wallace and Stein, 1997), and, when such neurons do appear several weeks after birth, they lack the ability to integrate their inputs from different sensory modalities Stein, 1997, 2000). It is only after several additional weeks of postnatal life that neurons begin to acquire this capacity, and it is not until several months later that the normal complement of multisensory integrating neurons is achieved (Wallace et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Experience Is Necessary for the Development of Multisensory Integration

Wallace¹,

Perrault²,

Hairston³

et al. 2004

J. Neurosci.

171

146

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Multisensory neurons and their ability to integrate multisensory cues develop gradually in the midbrain [i.e., superior colliculus (SC)]. To examine the possibility that early sensory experiences might play a critical role in these maturational processes, animals were raised in the absence of visual cues. As adults, the SC of these animals were found to contain many multisensory neurons, the large majority of which were visually responsive. Although these neurons responded robustly to each of their cross-modal inputs when presented individually, they were incapable of synthesizing this information. These observations suggest that visual experiences are critical for the SC to develop the ability to integrate multisensory information and lead to the prediction that, in the absence of such experience, animals will be compromised in their sensitivity to cross-modal events.

show abstract

“…Electrophysiological studies have demonstrated that although multisensory neurons are present as early as 2 postnatal weeks, they are immature and incapable of integrating information from different senses until at least two weeks later (Stein et al, 1973;Wallace and Stein, 1997). Although this time point marks the first appearance of some neurons capable of multisensory integration, the population requires approximately 4 additional weeks to achieve its adult-like functional condition (Wallace and Stein, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, such neurons are not evident in the SC of the newborn animal. Rather, at this time of life, all sensoryresponsive SC neurons are unisensory (Stein et al, 1973). Multisensory neurons begin appearing in the SC after the first week of postnatal maturation and increase in frequency thereafter (Stein et al, 1973, Wallace andStein 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maturation of multisensory integration in the superior colliculus: Expression of nitric oxide synthase and neurofilament SMI-32

Fuentes–Santamaría¹,

McHaffie²,

Stein³

2008

Brain Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nitric oxide (NO) containing (nitrergic) interneurons are well-positioned to convey the cortical influences that are crucial for multisensory integration in superior colliculus (SC) output neurons. However, it is not known whether nitrergic interneurons are in this position early in life, and might, therefore, also play a role in the functional maturation of this circuit. In the present study, we investigated the postnatal developmental relationship between these two populations of neurons using B-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH) histochemistry and SMI-32 immunocytochemistry to label presumptive interneurons and output neurons, respectively. SMI-32 immunostained neurons were proved to mature and retained immature anatomical features until approximately 8 postnatal weeks. In contrast, nitrergic interneurons developed more rapidly. They had achieved their adult-like anatomy by 4 postnatal weeks and were in a position to influence the dendritic elaboration of output neurons. It is this dendritic substrate through which much of the cortico-collicular influence is expressed. Double-labeling experiments showed that the dendritic and axonal processes of nitrergic interneurons already apposed the somata and dendrites of SMI-32 labeled neurons even at the earliest age examined. The results suggest that nitrergic interneurons play a role in refining the cortico-collicular projection patterns that are believed to be essential for SC output neurons to engage in multisensory integration and to support normal orientation responses to cross-modal stimuli.

show abstract

Sequence of changes in properties of neurons of superior colliculus of the kitten during maturation.

Cited by 133 publications

References 0 publications

The Development of Cortical Multisensory Integration

The Development of Cortical Multisensory Integration

Visual Experience Is Necessary for the Development of Multisensory Integration

Maturation of multisensory integration in the superior colliculus: Expression of nitric oxide synthase and neurofilament SMI-32

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About