Sequence of Dictyostelium DIRS-1: An apparent retrotransposon with inverted terminal repeats and an internal circle junction sequence

Cappello, Joe; Handelsman, Karl; Lodish, Harvey F.

doi:10.1016/0092-8674(85)90016-9

Cited by 111 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The D. discoideum transposon DIRS1 is a well described YR retrotransposon (5). There are about 40 intact copies in the genome and 200 to 300 fragments.…”

Section: Dirs1: Structure and Replicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tyrosine Recombinase Retrotransposons and Transposons

Poulter

Butler

2015

Microbiol Spectr

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Retrotransposons carrying tyrosine recombinases (YR) are widespread in eukaryotes. The first described tyrosine recombinase mobile element, DIRS1, is a retroelement from the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. The YR elements are bordered by terminal repeats related to their replication via free circular dsDNA intermediates. Site-specific recombination is believed to integrate the circle without creating duplications of the target sites. Recently a large number of YR retrotransposons have been described, including elements from fungi (mucorales and basidiomycetes), plants (green algae) and a wide range of animals including nematodes, insects, sea urchins, fish, amphibia and reptiles. YR retrotransposons can be divided into three major groups: the DIRS elements, PAT-like and the Ngaro elements. The three groups form distinct clades on phylogenetic trees based on alignments of reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H (RT/RH) and YR sequences, and also having some structural distinctions. A group of eukaryote DNA transposons, cryptons, also carry tyrosine recombinases. These DNA transposons do not encode a reverse transcriptase. They have been detected in several pathogenic fungi and oomycetes. Sequence comparisons suggest that the crypton YRs are related to those of the YR retrotransposons. We suggest that the YR retrotransposons arose from the combination of a crypton-like YR DNA transposon and the RT/RH encoding sequence of a retrotransposon. This acquisition must have occurred at a very early point in the evolution of eukaryotes.

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“…The D. discoideum transposon DIRS1 is a well described YR retrotransposon (5). There are about 40 intact copies in the genome and 200 to 300 fragments.…”

Section: Dirs1: Structure and Replicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first tyrosine recombinase retrotransposon to be described was DIRS from the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum (5). The presence of the tyrosine recombinase (YR) was recognized by Goodwin and Poulter (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tyrosine Recombinase Retrotransposons and Transposons

Poulter

Butler

2015

Microbiol Spectr

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“…Unlike the gradual addition and replacement of domains in the non-LTR retrotransposons, the only dramatic changes that have occurred since the evolution of LTR retrotransposons were the addition in several lineages of env-like domains (Malik et al 2000) and the loss of the IN domain in the DIRS group (Cappello et al 1985).…”

Section: Genome Research 1193mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic Analysis of Ribonuclease H Domains Suggests a Late, Chimeric Origin of LTR Retrotransposable Elements and Retroviruses

Malik¹,

Eickbush²

2001

Genome Res.

218

200

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We have conducted a phylogenetic analysis of the Ribonuclease HI (RNH) domains present in Eubacteria, Eukarya, all long-term repeat (LTR)-bearing retrotransposons, and several late-branching clades of non-LTR retrotransposons. Analysis of this simple yet highly conserved enzymatic domain from these disparate sources provides surprising insights into the evolution of eukaryotic retrotransposons. First, it indicates that the lineage of elements leading to vertebrate retroviruses acquired a new RNH domain either from non-LTR retrotransposons or from a eukaryotic host genome. The preexisting retroviral RNH domain degenerated to become the tether (connection) domain of the reverse transcriptase (RT)-RNH complex. Second, it indicates that all LTR retrotransposons arose in eukaryotes well after the origin of the non-LTR retrotransposons. Because of the younger age of the LTR retrotransposons, their complex structure, and the absence of any prokaryotic precursors, we propose that the LTR retrotransposons originated as a fusion between a DNA-mediated transposon and a non-LTR retrotransposon. The resulting two-step mechanism of LTR retrotransposition, in which RNA is reverse transcribed away from the chromosomal target site, rather than directly onto the target site, was probably an adaptation to the uncoupling of transcription and translation in eukaryotic cells.

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“…Furthermore, some vertebrate genetic elements, e.g. intracisternal A particle (IAP) genes (Ono et al, 1985), VL30 genes (Hodgson et al, 1983) and L1Md (Loeb et al, 1986), and transposable elements from other taxonomic groups [yeast Ty elements (Clare & Farabaugh, 1985;Hauber et al, 1985), Drosophila copia (Mount & Rubin, 1985) and copia-like elements (Saigo et al, 1984), Dictyostelium DIRS-1 element (Cappello et al, 1985), maize Bsl element (Johns et al, 1985), and possibly maize Cinl element (Shepherd et al, 1984)] have been shown to possess structural similarities to integrated retroviruses. The yeast Ty element transcript has recently been found to be contained within virus-like particles which have reverse transcriptase activity Mellor et al, 1985a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%