Sequence Variation in the rDNA Region of Root-Knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne spp) Infecting Indigenous Leafy Vegetables in Kisii and Transmara Sub-counties, Kenya

First report of Caenorhabditis brenneri (Nematoda: Rhabditida) isolated from the cadaver of Philippinella moellendorffi (Stylommatophora: Ariophantidae), a terrestrial slug in the Philippines

“…Extracted gDNA were stored in 1.5 ml Eppendorf tubes, labelled and sent to Macrogen, South Korea, for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and sequencing. For 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA), SSU18A 5 ′ -AAAGATTAAGCCATGCATG-3 ′ and SSU26R 5 ′ -CATTCT TGGCAAATGCTTTCG-3 ′ was used with the following reaction conditions: initial preheating at 94°C for 5 min, 35 cycles of (94°C for 1 min; 52°C for 2 min; 68°C for 2 min) and final extension step at 68°C for 10 min (Mwangi et al, 2016). The D2-D3 segment of the 28S rDNA was amplified by the primer pair, D2A 5 ′ -ACAAGTACCGTGAGGGAAAG TTG-3 ′ and D3B 5 ′ -TCCTCGGAAGGAACCAGCTACTA-3 ′ (Nunn, 1992) with the following PCR conditions: denaturation at 95°C for 5 min, followed by 40 cycles of denaturation at 94°C for 30 s, annealing at 55°C for 45 s and extension at 72°C for 1 min; the final extension was performed at 72°C for 10 min (Ye & Giblin-Davis, 2013).…”