Sequences, cycles, and basin dynamics in the Silurian of the Appalachian Foreland Basin

Brett, Carlton E.; Goodman, William M.; LoDuca, Steven T.

doi:10.1016/0037-0738(90)90051-t

Cited by 108 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The IR, Ca, Mg, Sr, Fe and Mn were determined for most samples (Appendix), with elemental analyses carried out on a .c. Bates, 1990;Brett et al, 1990). Conodont zonal scheme of the section is: Distomodus staurognathoides (D.s.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present study, brachiopods were collected from rocks of the Neagha, Reynales, Merritton, Irondequoit and Rochester Formations of the Clinton Group that are exposed along the Niagara Escarpment in southern Ontario and western New York State (Figs. 2 and 3) and described in detail by several authors (e.g., Brett et al, 1990Brett et al, , 1995Loduca and Brett, 1994;Brett and Goodman, 1996). The stratigraphy (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequent to the Taconic event, a 'new' pulse of tectonic activity, recently named the Salinic Orogeny, affected the eastern margin of Laurentia (Ettensohn and Brett, 1998), but the impact and importance of this tectonic event, regional or global, is as yet unresolved. The sequence of the Appalachian Foreland Basin is divisible into sedimentary cycles of varying scales , some of them related to sea level high-or lowstands, with variable influx of sediments on thousand to million year time scales (e.g., Brett et al, 1990;Kidwell and Bosence, 1991;Meyers and Milton, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the Salinic I tectonic, Cancañiri glacial and Ireviken biotic events: Biochemostratigraphy of the Lower Siluriansuccession in the Niagara Gorge area, Canada and U.S.A.

Brand

Azmy

Veizer

2006

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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Well-preserved brachiopods from the Niagara Gorge area, Anticosti Island, Britain, Gotland and Estonia were utilised to delineate a complex isotopic evolution for Llandovery-Wenlock seawater. The Sr-isotope record reflects the Salinic I tectophase of the Late Llandovery in the continuous increase in 87 Sr/ 86 Sr values from 0.708070 to 0.708346. The Salinic II tectophase is marked by relative constancy of Sr isotope values until the Late Wenlock when it rises from 0.708345 to 0.708430. The second tectonic phase was therefore likely only of a regional nature. The carbon isotopes during the Llandovery fall within a band of about − 1‰ to + 3‰, a range comparable to modern low-latitude brachiopods. A large positive δ 13 C excursion of about 3‰, identifies the Ireviken event/excursion, characterizes the Early Wenlock. The biotic crisis and the isotope excursion itself may be ultimately related to the onset and duration of the Cancañiri glaciation, although a direct causative scenario is as yet unknown. The oxygen isotopic trends of well-preserved brachiopods clearly reflect a warm climate interval during the latest Llandovery associated with the Silurian sea level highstand. Subsequently, in the Early Wenlock, the sea level fell with the onset of the Cancañiri glaciation in the southern hemisphere. This is reflected in a significant positive δ 18 O excursion, particularly in brachiopods from the Niagara Gorge area. Brachiopods from lower latitudes were awash in warm tropical currents and therefore exhibit somewhat more negative δ 18 O values, indicating a lesser cooling gradient.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Evaluation of the Salinic I tectonic, Cancañiri glacial and Ireviken biotic events: Biochemostratigraphy of the Lower Siluriansuccession in the Niagara Gorge area, Canada and U.S.A.

Brand

Azmy

Veizer

2006

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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“…In China, Wang and Shi (1996), Wang (1999Wang ( , 2003, and Wang et al (2000) have documented and suggested several operable schemes, which have been extracted from both the various works on the main paleo-continents in China and those of many oversea colleagues (e.g. Vail et al, 1977;Wilgus et al, 1988;Brett et al, 1990;Posamentier and James, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Tectonic and eustatic control on the distribution of black-shale source beds in the Wufeng and Longmaxi formations (Ordovician-Silurian), South China

Ettensohn

et al. 2007

Front. Earth Sci. China

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It is known that high-quality, black-shale source rocks occur in the uppermost Ordovician Wufeng Formation and in the lowermost Silurian Longmaxi Formation in South China. Hence, it is important to understand their lithostratigraphy and the controls on their deposition. A review of lithostratigraphic criteria for subdividing the two adjacent formations provides new regional correlations between the formations and related stratigraphic successions and facies. Both the black shales and the related, overlying flysch deposits at the Ordovician-Silurian transition in South China appear to have migrated northwestward in time and space, reflecting probable flexural control in a foreland basin that developed in response to subduction-type orogeny southeast of the Yangtze block. The black shales also contain K-bentonites from explosive, felsic-intermediate volcanism, the distribution of which also supports orogeny to the southeast. Finally, the analysis of sequence stratigraphy, which shows that the initiation of transgressive system tracts (TST) and condensed section (CS) in the related third-order sequences coincided with the two black-shale horizons respectively, indicates that the main controlling factors for the deposition of the Ordovician-Silurian black shales in South China are (1) northwestwardly migrating, foreland-basin subsidence caused by deformational loading related to episodic accretion of the Cathaysia block to the Yangtze block during this period, and (2) the anoxic, sediment-starved water column caused by rapid rise of the sea-level during the two successive phases of third-order global sea-level rise near the Ordovician-Silurian transition in South China. In future exploration for hydrocarbon source rocks in the area, it is important to consider likely flexural and eustatic causes for subsiding, deep, anoxic seas in recognizing other source rock intervals, and our understanding of the Wufeng and Longmaxi formations may serve as models for future source rock exploration.

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“…1). These massive and fossiliferous units represent an extensive shallow water carbonate platform that formed over the Algonquin Arch, a tectonic high situated between the subsiding Michigan and Appalachian basins (Brett et al 1990;Johnson et al 1992). Sedimen- tary facies across these dolostone units are considered varied and complex owing to a diversity of paleoenvironments that ranged from high-energy reefal to quiet water back-reef lagoons (Brunton 2009).…”

Section: Regional Geologic and Hydrogeologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geophysical, geological, and hydrogeological characterization of a tributary buried bedrock valley in southern Ontario

et al. 2018

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Buried bedrock valleys infilled with Quaternary-aged sediment have the potential to become productive aquifers owing to prevalent sand and gravel deposits often associated with these topographic lows. In areas where groundwater is drawn from the underlying bedrock aquifer, buried bedrock channels may significantly affect the spatial distribution of recharge and localized contaminant pathways. Therefore, understanding the form, distribution, and the nature of Quaternary infill sediments within these buried bedrock river valleys, and their relationship to hydraulically transmissive bedrock features is an important aspect of groundwater resource management. Here, we evaluate the effectiveness of electrical resistivity and seismic refraction collected over a partially urbanized 150 ha area with variable vegetation, roads, and structures, to map the spatial distribution of sediments and delineation of a channel segment associated with a regional bedrock valley. Electrical resistivity and seismic refraction was performed along 13 (covering ϳ11.6 km) and seven transects (covering ϳ0.9 km), respectively, to map and characterize the bedrock surface morphology beneath a variable thickness of unconsolidated deposits. Three continuously cored holes and downhole geophysical logs, supplemented with four nearby water well records captured the in-channel as well as adjacent Quaternary stratigraphy (ϳ15-40 m). Cores recorded multiple glacial till deposits and ice-marginal processes associated with ice advances and retreats. Hydraulic transmissivity of the bedrock around the valley feature was evaluated using a FLUTe hydraulic transmissivity profiling technique. This study demonstrates the potential of combining several surface geophysical methods with sedimentological analysis of continuous cores and hydraulic data for characterizing tributary bedrock channel morphology and Quaternary infill at a scale relevant to localized studies of municipal production well recharge zones and contaminant transport and fate.Résumé : Les vallées ensevelies taillées dans le roc remplies de sédiments d'âge quaternaire ont le potentiel de devenir des aquifères productifs en raison des importants dépôts de sable et de gravier souvent associés à ces dépressions topographiques. Dans les régions où l'eau souterraine est tirée de l'aquifère rocheux sous-jacent, les chenaux ensevelis taillés dans le roc pourraient avoir une importante incidence sur la répartition spatiale de la recharge et des voies de propagation des contaminants. La compréhension de la forme, de la répartition et de la nature des sédiments quaternaires qui remplissent ces vallées fluviales ensevelies et leur lien avec des caractéristiques du substrat rocheux transmissif est un aspect important de la gestion des ressources d'eau souterraine. Nous évaluons l'efficacité des méthodes de résistivité électrique et de sismique réfraction utilisées dans une zone partiellement urbanisée de 150 ha présentant une répartition variable de la végétation, des routes et des ouvrages, pour c...

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Sequences, cycles, and basin dynamics in the Silurian of the Appalachian Foreland Basin

Cited by 108 publications

References 31 publications

Evaluation of the Salinic I tectonic, Cancañiri glacial and Ireviken biotic events: Biochemostratigraphy of the Lower Siluriansuccession in the Niagara Gorge area, Canada and U.S.A.

Evaluation of the Salinic I tectonic, Cancañiri glacial and Ireviken biotic events: Biochemostratigraphy of the Lower Siluriansuccession in the Niagara Gorge area, Canada and U.S.A.

Tectonic and eustatic control on the distribution of black-shale source beds in the Wufeng and Longmaxi formations (Ordovician-Silurian), South China

Geophysical, geological, and hydrogeological characterization of a tributary buried bedrock valley in southern Ontario

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