Sequencing and analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome in Anopheles sinensis (Diptera: Culicidae)

Abstract

Background Anopheles sinensis (Diptera: Culicidae) is a primary vector of Plasmodium vivax and Brugia malayi in most regions of China. In addition, its phylogenetic relationship with the cryptic species of the Hyrcanus Group is complex and remains unresolved. Mitochondrial genome sequences are widely used as molecular markers for phylogenetic studies of mosquito species complexes, of which mitochondrial genome data of An. sinensis is not available.Methods An. sinensis samples was collected from Shandong, China, and identified by molecular marker. Genomic DNA was extracted, followed by the Illumina sequencing. Two complete mitochondrial genomes were assembled and annotated using the mitochondrial genome of An. gambiae as reference. The mitochondrial genomes sequences of the 28 known Anopheles species were aligned and reconstructed phylogenetic tree by Maximum Likelihood (ML) method.FindingsThe length of complete mitochondrial genomes of An. sinensis was 15,076 bp and 15,138 bp, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, and an AT-rich control region. As in other insects, most mitochondrial genes are encoded on the J strand, except for ND5, ND4, ND4L, ND1, two rRNA and eight tRNA genes, which are encoded on the N strand. The bootstrap value was set as 1000 in ML analyses. The topologies restored phylogenetic affinity within subfamily Anophelinae. The ML tree showed four major clades, corresponding to the subgenera Cellia, Anopheles, Nyssorhynchus and Kerteszia of the genus Anopheles.ConclusionsThe complete mitochondrial genomes of An. sinensis were obtained. The number, order and transcription direction of An. sinensis mitochondrial genes were the same as in other species of family Culicidae.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s40249-017-0362-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Mitochondrial genome sequencing and phylogeny of Haemagogus albomaculatus, Haemagogus leucocelaenus, Haemagogus spegazzinii, and Haemagogus tropicalis (Diptera: Culicidae)

“…They also comprised 37 functional and conserved subunits-13 PCGs, 22 tRNAs, and 02 rRNAs-and demonstrated similar patterns of gene positioning along the J (Foward) and N (Reverse) strands ( Fig. 1), similarly to that observed in studies of other species of Culicidae 32,[37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45] , and other groups of insects 31,[46][47][48] with reported mitogenomes.…”

“…In the first three species, there is an intergenic spacer with an average length of 174 nucleotides, located between rRNA 12 S and tRNA Ile . In this location, probably, the control region (A + T) of these species would be located 57 , as predicted in other Culicidae studies 32,41,45,54 , and other dipterans 31,46,47 . In Hg.…”

Complete mitogenome of Anopheles sinensis and mitochondrial insertion segments in the nuclear genomes of 19 mosquito species

“…The obtained mt genome sequence was 342 bp longer than an earlier report of the An . sinensis mt genome [ 9 ], and the difference was mainly due to earlier incomplete sequencing of the mt genome control region (CR). Other genes lengths in our assembly of An .…”

“…Several transcripts encoding enzymes such as NADH dehydrogenase and ATP synthase, which are involved in the production of energy within the respiratory chain, were over-expressed in Aedes aegypti larvae exposed to insecticides [ 7 ]. Anopheles sinensis is a major malarial vector in Asia [ 8 ], and its mt genome was partially sequenced (15,076 bp) and annotated using collections from Shandong, China [ 9 ]. An .…”

Phylogeny of certain members of Hyrcanus group (Diptera: Culicidae) in China based on mitochondrial genome fragments

“…So far, we have reported the complete mitochondrial genome of An. sinensis in Hyrcanus group [9]. In this study, we sequenced and analyzed mitochondrial genome fragments of An.…”