Sequencing of a second interleukin-10 gene in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and comparative investigation of the expression and modulation of the paralogues in vitro and in vivo

The cytokine networks of adaptive immunity in fish

“…However, the expression level of IL-10b can exceed that of IL-10a, as seen in vivo in the ovary of healthy fish and in the gills of Y. ruckeri challenged fish, and in vitro in HK leucocytes. The expression of the trout IL-10 paralogues can be up-regulated by LPS, polyI:C, PHA, PMA, CI and IL-21 in HK leucocytes, and can be modulated positively or negatively by IFN-g. Synergistic effects on up-regulation of IL-10 expression were also seen with PHA and IL-21, as well as between PMA and CI [20,182].…”

“…Teleost FoxP3 has recently been identified in some fish species including zebrafish [79], salmonids [183,184], tetraodon [185] and grass carp [182]. In silico comparative promoter analysis of grass carp FoxP3 reveals conserved cis-acting motifs, such as AP-1, AML-1, NF-kb and GATA3, in addition to core promoter elements such as TATA, GC and CAAT boxes, as seen in mammalian FoxP3 [186,187].…”

“…1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 The first fish IL-10 was predicted in fugu by interrogation of the sequenced genome [174]. To date fish IL-10 genes have been discovered in common carp [175], rainbow trout [176] and silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix [177], zebrafish [178], sea bass [179], cod [180], goldfish [181] and grass carp [182]. Only a single IL-10 gene has been identified in each of these species, except in rainbow trout where two IL-10 genes (IL-10a,b) exist, that have 92% identity in the coding region but only 50% identity in the 5 0 -and 3 0 -UTR [182].…”

Immune Defences of Teleost Fish

“…The homologues so far described include IL-1β (Hong et al 2004 (Zou et al 2005), TNFα (Laing et al 2001) and type I antiviral interferons (Robertsen et al 2003). Adaptive regulatory cytokines and their signalling molecules already described include TGFβ, IL-2 and two IL-10 gene products (Daniels and Secombes 1999;Zou et al 2003;Bird et al 2005a;Diaz-Rosales et al 2009;Harun et al 2011) and SOCS-1-3 (Wang and Secombes 2008). By inference, IL-12, IL-18, IL-2, TNFα and IFNγ are all involved in the development and effector functions of Th 1 cells that drive CMI responses (Tc activation and delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH)) to intracellular-resident pathogens such as the bacterium Mycobacterium marinum and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV).…”

Expression profile of pro-inflammatory cytokines in head-kidney leucocytes of rohu following stimulation with poly I:C

“…Polyinosinicpolycytidylic acid (poly I:C), a double stranded RNA virus analog mimics viral infection and in fish it has been reported to induce pro-inflammatory responses and anti-microbial activity [11]. It has been successfully used in vivo as well as in vitro to study expression pattern of cytokines in response to viral infection in several fish species [12][13][14][15]. In this study, we report in vitro expression analysis of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β and TNFα in head-kidney leucocytes (important immune competent organ of fish) of rohu following stimulation with poly I:C and discuss its possible use in screening of immunostimulants or their use as inflammatory markers in viral immunity studies.…”