Sequential biodegradation of TNT, RDX and HMX in a mixture

Moshe, Shlomo; Ronen, Zeev; Dahan, Ofer; Weisbrod, Noam; Groisman, Ludmila; Adar, Eilon; Nativ, Ronit

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2009.04.012

Cited by 58 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Redox properties of nitrocompounds, such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT), 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN), and 5-nitro-2,4-dihydro-3H21,2,4-triazol-3-one (NTO), are of considerable interest because these compounds may be encountered as groundwater and soil contaminants and redox reactions play a central role in their environmental fate or cleanup under biotic and abiotic conditions. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Introduction of nitrocompounds in the environment can occur due to activities associated with their production, transportation, storage or utilization. Common treatment methods for waste water and soil include activated carbon adsorption, [12,13] biodegradation, [1,2] reductive transformation by ferric species, [3][4][5] advanced oxidations such as oxidation with hydrogen peroxide/ozone, [6] supercritical water oxidation, [7] photocatalytic oxidation, [8,9] and Fenton reagent oxidation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Introduction of nitrocompounds in the environment can occur due to activities associated with their production, transportation, storage or utilization. Common treatment methods for waste water and soil include activated carbon adsorption, [12,13] biodegradation, [1,2] reductive transformation by ferric species, [3][4][5] advanced oxidations such as oxidation with hydrogen peroxide/ozone, [6] supercritical water oxidation, [7] photocatalytic oxidation, [8,9] and Fenton reagent oxidation. [10,11] Recent studies have focused on development of promising methods for nitrocompounds removal by reduction and oxidation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structure and electrochemical properties for complexes of nitrocompounds with inorganic ions: A theoretical approach

Sviatenko

Gorb²,

Hill

et al. 2016

J Comput Chem

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Reduction and oxidation (redox) reactions are widely used for removal of nitrocompounds from contaminated soil and water. Structures and redox properties for complexes of nitrocompounds, such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT), 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN), and 5-nitro-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (NTO), with common inorganic ions (Na(+) , Cl(-) , NO3-) were investigated at the SMD(Pauling)/PCM(Pauling)/MPWB1K/TZVP level of theory. Atoms in molecules (AIM) theory was applied to analyze the topological properties of the bond critical points involved in the interactions between the nitrocompounds and the ions. Topological analyses show that intermolecular interactions of the types O(N)…Na(+) , C-H…Cl(-) ( ONO2-), and C…Cl(-) ( ONO2-) may be discussed as noncovalent closed-shell interactions, while N-H···Cl(-) ( ONO2-) hydrogen bonds are partially covalent in nature. Complexation causes significant decrease of redox activity of the nitrocompounds. Analysis of the reduction potentials of the complexes obtained through application of the Pourbaix diagram of an iron/water system revealed that sodium complexes of NTO might be reduced by metallic iron. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and electrochemical properties for complexes of nitrocompounds with inorganic ions: A theoretical approach

Sviatenko

Gorb²,

Hill

et al. 2016

J Comput Chem

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“…This does not mean that HMX is nonbiodegradable in Hawaiian soils. It is possible that biodegradation of HMX may not begin until after RDX degradation is complete [30], however, this study was designed for only 15 weeks.…”

Section: Hmxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molasses enhanced phyto and bioremediation treatability study of explosives contaminated Hawaiian soils

Lamichhane

Babcock

Turnbull

et al. 2012

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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h i g h l i g h t sNatural degradation of RDX is very slow and its release into the environment is a concern. Molasses enhances biodegradation of RDX and complete degradation occurred within few weeks. Low molasses dose of 1:40 (molasses to water ratio) was as effective as the higher dose (1:20). The combination of Guinea Grass (Panicum maximum) and molasses did not improve RDX degradation. Addition of molasses to soil in army training ranges can prevent migration of RDX to groundwater and off-site. a r t i c l e i n f o The energetics in the soil were royal demolition explosive (RDX) and high-melting explosive (HMX). Among the 6 treatments employed in this study, enhanced removal of RDX was observed from treatments that received molasses and went to completion. The RDX degradation rates in treatments with molasses diluted 1:20 and 1:40 were comparable suggesting that the lower dose worked as well as the higher dose. Treatments without molasses degraded RDX slowly and residuals remained after 15 weeks. The bacterial densities in molasses-treated units were much greater than those without molasses. Phytoremediation alone seems to have little effect on RDX disappearance. For HMX, neither bioremediation nor phytoremediation was found to be useful in reducing the concentration within the experimental period. The concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorous in the soil did not change significantly during the experiment, however, a slight increase in soil pH was observed in all treatments. The study showed that irrigating with diluted molasses is effective at enhancing RDX degradation mainly in the root zone and just below it. The long term sustainability of active training ranges can be enhanced by bioremediation using molasses treatments to prevent RDX deposited by on-going operations from migrating through the soil to groundwater and off-site.

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“…Moshe et al [8] investigated the effect of nitrogen purging on explosives degradation. The authors enriched soil samples containing TNT, RDX and HMX by adding molasses and a nutrient-containing solution, to form slurries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As many explosives are toxic and can have adverse environmental effects, a large body of research has been directed towards the detection and remediation of such explosives residues in soil. Explosives bioremediation research to date can broadly be classified into two groups, the first being research involving historical field-samples of explosives-contaminated soil [2][3][4][6][7][8][9][10][11], and the second being research starting with blank, explosives-free soil, with explosives spiked into the soil to assess their degradation and transformation [5,.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The stability of TNT, RDX and PETN in simulated post-explosion soils: Implications of sample preparation for analysis

DeTata

Lewis

et al. 2017

Talanta

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Explosives residues in soils may be a useful source of evidence following the detonation of an improvised explosive device (IED), such as a vehicle-borne IED. Soil samples collected from the vicinity of an explosion scene will often be stored for some time prior to analysis, yet explosives residues in soil samples are susceptible to rapid degradation or transformation. Although some research has assessed the use of different storage temperatures with a view to reducing explosives' degradation over time, further research examining the degradation of explosives in soil when stored under a variety of storage conditions is crucial to determine the optimal sample collection and storage procedures for soil containing explosives residues. In this work, three different soils were spiked with solutions of TNT, RDX and PETN and stored either at room temperature, refrigerated or frozen. Samples were extracted over 6 weeks, with additional samples gamma-irradiated or nitrogen purged prior to storage. Experimental results indicate that TNT underwent very rapid degradation at room temperature, attributed to microbial action, whereas PETN and RDX proved to be more stable. Gamma irradiation and nitrogen purging proved of some benefit for mitigating TNT degradation, with lower storage temperatures ultimately proving the most effective method of mitigating degradation.

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Sequential biodegradation of TNT, RDX and HMX in a mixture

Cited by 58 publications

References 34 publications

Structure and electrochemical properties for complexes of nitrocompounds with inorganic ions: A theoretical approach

Structure and electrochemical properties for complexes of nitrocompounds with inorganic ions: A theoretical approach

Molasses enhanced phyto and bioremediation treatability study of explosives contaminated Hawaiian soils

The stability of TNT, RDX and PETN in simulated post-explosion soils: Implications of sample preparation for analysis

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