Sequential Cardiorespiratory Patterns of Anesthetic Induction with Ketamine in Critically Ill Patients

Effects of ketamine on levels of cytokines, NF-κB and TLRs in rat intestine during CLP-induced sepsis

“…The activation of TLR2 and TLR4 may initiate signaling International Immunopharmacology 7 (2007) 1076 -1082 www.elsevier.com/locate/intimp pathways, leading to activation of NF-κB and induction of cytokines [8][9][10][11]. Ketamine has been recommended for anesthesia of septic or critically ill patients because of its effect in maintaining cardiovascular performance [12,13]. Along with its beneficial effect on cardiovascular function, ketamine was reported to suppress inflammatory cytokine concentration in human whole blood after stimulation of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), which was produced by Gram-positive bacilli [14].…”

Ketamine inhibits LPS-induced calcium elevation and NF-kappa B activation in monocytes

“…res. 53 (2004) Ketamine, an intravenous anesthetic, has been advocated for anesthesia in septic or severely ill patients because of its cardiovascular stimulating effects [5,6]. However several previous studies reported that ketamine could suppress LPSinduced TNF-a production and mortality in carrageenansensitized endotoxin shock mice [7,8].…”

Services to Operate and Maintain the Microwave Research Facility at Brooks Air Force Base, San Antonio, Texas

“…Results of these experiments revealed a stable heart rate and mean arterial pressure before, during and after UWB or sham exposures. However, the average heart rates (less than 265 beats per minute) of the Sprague-Dawley rats in these experiments were remarkably low for this species even if the cardiovascular stimulatory effect of the ketarnine [Lippmann et al 1983] is ignored. In conscious, free-roaming and cannulated rats, the average heart rate of Sprague-Dawley rats is between 332 and 364 beats per minute [Baron and Van Loon 1989, Houdi et al 1995, Sparrow et tu.…”