Sequential extraction studies on homogenized forest soil samples

Arunachalam, J.; Emons, Hendrik; Krasnodebska, B.; Mohl, C.

doi:10.1016/0048-9697(95)05005-1

Cited by 94 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…85 C) and this is a compromise between the complete degradation of the organic matter and the minimum alteration of silicates; heating promotes the oxidation process. Besides the extraction of cations by ammonium ions, partial removal of some elements may also occur due to complexation with acetate anions (Arunachalam et al, 1996). According to the losson-ignition value of 35.5% (Table 1), the amount of organic matter in the sludge is relatively high, and it is therefore possible that the metals in this fraction form complexes with the organic matter.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and leaching properties of paper mill sludge

Kuokkanen

Nurmesniemi

Pöykiö

et al. 2008

Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability

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Paper mills produce large amounts of paper mill sludge in the treatment of process water. According to overburden studies, the hydraulic conductivity of the paper mill sludge originating from a paper mill in Northern Finland at a pressure of 30 kPa was 4.4610 À 10 m s À 1 , and 1.7610 À 10 m s À 1 at a pressure of 100 kPa. These values well meet the generally required values of between 1.0610 À 7 m s À 1 and 1.0610 À 9 m s À 1 for a geological barrier in landfill base and sides at landfills in the European Union. Paper mill sludge can also be used in the artificially constructed geological barrier layer of landfill cover structures. The angle of internal friction of the paper mill sludge was 34.8 and the cohesion of interparticle adhesion 23 kPa, which are important measures for assessing the shear strength of paper mill sludge and thus the stability of the landfill layer in which it is used. During a 28-day period, the biodegradability of the paper mill sludge in soil was ca 0.4% and in ground water under 1%, whereas according to the OECD 301F standard concentrations (BOD 28 ), it was ca 8%. For the determination of total element concentrations in the paper mill sludge, the dried sample was digested using USEPA method 3052. A five-stage sequential leaching procedure was also used to fractionate trace elements in the paper mill sludge between the water-soluble (H 2 O), exchangeable (CH 3 COOH), easily reduced (HONH 3 Cl), oxidizable (H 2 O 2 þ CH 3 COONH 4 ), and (5) the residual (HF þ HNO 3 þ HCl) fractions. This paper covers also examples of case studies how paper mill sludge is utilized in Finland.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and leaching properties of paper mill sludge

Kuokkanen

Nurmesniemi

Pöykiö

et al. 2008

Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability

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“…The Mn extracted in acid soluble fraction could come from the dissolution of Mg/Ca carbonates, as Mn 2þ can substitute for Mg 2þ as well as Ca 2þ in carbonate minerals, the more so for Mg in dolomite than for Ca in calcite (Shan and Chen, 1993;Arunachalam et al, 1996). Specific adsorption of Mn at the surface of calcite is also possible (Gleyzes et al, 2002).…”

Section: Mn and Srmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental status of Daya Bay surface sediments inferred from a sequential extraction technique

Gao

Chen

Wang

et al. 2010

Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science

144

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“…Samples and reference materials were digested in PFA vials using ultra-pure acid mixtures (HF, HCl, HNO 3 , H 2 O 2 ). The exchangeable Mg fraction of soil and saprolite samples was obtained by a 1 M NH 4 OAc extraction (Arunachalam et al, 1996). This procedure was specifically tested for Mg isotope measurements (Bolou-Bi et al, 2012).…”

Section: Mg Isotope Analyses By Mc-icp-msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying nutrient uptake as driver of rock weathering in forest ecosystems by magnesium stable isotopes

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Plants and soil microbiota play an active role in rock weathering and potentially couple weathering at depth with erosion at the soil surface. The nature of this coupling is still unresolved because we lacked means to quantify the passage of chemical elements from rock through higher plants. In a temperate forested landscape characterised by relatively fast ( ∼ 220 t km −2 yr −1 ) denudation and a kinetically limited weathering regime of the Southern Sierra Critical Zone Observatory (SSCZO), California, we measured magnesium (Mg) stable isotopes that are sensitive indicators of Mg utilisation by biota. We find that Mg is highly bio-utilised: 50-100 % of the Mg released by chemical weathering is taken up by forest trees. To estimate the tree uptake of other bioutilised elements (K, Ca, P and Si) we compared the dissolved fluxes of these elements and Mg in rivers with their solubilisation fluxes from rock (rock dissolution flux minus secondary mineral formation flux). We find a deficit in the dissolved fluxes throughout, which we attribute to the nutrient uptake by forest trees. Therefore both the Mg isotopes and the flux comparison suggest that a substantial part of the major element weathering flux is consumed by the tree biomass. The enrichment of 26 Mg over 24 Mg in tree trunks relative to leaves suggests that tree trunks account for a substantial fraction of the net uptake of Mg. This isotopic and elemental compartment separation is prevented from obliteration (which would occur by Mg redissolution) by two potential effects. Either the mineral nutrients accumulate today in regrowing forest biomass after clear cutting, or they are exported in litter and coarse woody debris (CWD) such that they remain in "solid" biomass. Over pre-forest-management weathering timescales, this removal flux might have been in operation in the form of natural erosion of CWD. Regardless of the removal mechanism, our approach provides entirely novel means towards the direct quantification of biogenic uptake following weathering. We find that Mg and other nutrients and the plant-beneficial element Si ("bio-elements") are taken up by trees at up to 6 m depth, and surface recycling of all bio-elements but P is minimal. Thus, in the watersheds of the SSCZO, the coupling between erosion and weathering might be established by bio-elements that are taken up by trees, are not recycled and are missing in the dissolved river flux due to erosion as CWD and as leaf-derived bio-opal for Si. We suggest that the partitioning of a biogenic weathering flux into eroded plant debris might represent a significant global contribution to element export after weathering in eroding mountain catchments that are characterised by a continuous supply of fresh mineral nutrients.

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Sequential extraction studies on homogenized forest soil samples

Cited by 94 publications

References 21 publications

Chemical and leaching properties of paper mill sludge

Chemical and leaching properties of paper mill sludge

Environmental status of Daya Bay surface sediments inferred from a sequential extraction technique

Quantifying nutrient uptake as driver of rock weathering in forest ecosystems by magnesium stable isotopes

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