Sequential Injection Analysis for Automation and Evaluation of Drug Liberation Profiles: Clotrimazole Liberation Monitoring

Abstract

A fully automated sequential injection system was tested in terms of its application in liberation testing, and capabilities and limitations were discussed for clotrimazole liberation from three semisolid formulations. An evaluation based on kinetic profiles obtained in short and longer sampling intervals and steady-state flux values were applied as traditional methods. The obtained clotrimazole liberation profile was faster in the case of Delcore and slower for Clotrimazol AL and Canesten cream commercial formulations. The steady-state flux values for the tested formulations were 52 µg cm−2 h−1 for Canesten, 35 µg cm−2 h−1 for Clotrimazol AL, and 7.2 µg cm−2 h−1 for Delcore measured in 4 min sampling intervals. A simplified approach for the evaluation of the initial rate based on the gradient between the second and third sampling points was used for the first time and was found to correspond well with the results of the conventional methods. A comparison based on the ratio of the steady-state flux and the initial rate values for Canesten and Clotrimazol AL proved the similarity of the obtained results. The proposed alternative was successfully implemented for the comparison of short-term kinetic profiles. Consequently, a faster and simpler approach for dissolution/liberation testing can be used.

Sequential Injection Amperometric System Coupling with Bioreactor for In-Line Glucose Monitoring in Cell Culture Application

“…The SI system allows a complex, multi-reagent, and multi-step chemical analysis, which is suitable for bioprocess including biopharmaceutical studies, fermentation bioreactor, and cell culture. Applications of the SI system to the biopharmaceutical process involving in vitro interaction with various types of cells have been previously reported; for example, monitoring of drug liberation [ 3 , 4 ], release test [ 5 , 6 ], and product quality [ 7 ].…”