Sequential movement skill in Parkinson's disease: A state-of-the-art

Ruitenberg, M.F.L.; Duthoo, Wout; Santens, Patrick; Notebaert, Wim; Abrahamse, Elger

doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2015.01.005

Cited by 48 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Patients can also develop several non-motor complications, such as depression, sleep disturbances and cognitive impairments like executive dysfunctions (Speelman et al, 2011) and deficits in procedural learning (Clark et al, 2014; Ruitenberg et al, 2015). Despite advances in pharmacological agents and surgical procedures that could be employed in PD patients to alleviate the primary motor signs of the disease, these treatment options often fail to improve the whole range of symptoms observed in PD and side effects are common (Bloem et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 12-Week Cycling Training Regimen Improves Gait and Executive Functions Concomitantly in People with Parkinson’s Disease

Nadeau

Lungu

Duchesne

et al. 2017

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Background: There is increasing evidence that executive functions and attention are associated with gait and balance, and that this link is especially prominent in older individuals or those who are aﬄicted by neurodegenerative diseases that affect cognition and/or motor functions. People with Parkinson’s disease (PD) often present gait disturbances, which can be reduced when PD patients engage in different types of physical exercise (PE), such as walking on a treadmill. Similarly, PE has also been found to improve executive functions in this population. Yet, no exercise intervention investigated simultaneously gait and non-motor symptoms (executive functions, motor learning) in PD patients.Objective: To assess the impact of aerobic exercise training (AET) using a stationary bicycle on a set of gait parameters (walking speed, cadence, step length, step width, single and double support time, as well as variability of step length, step width and double support time) and executive functions (cognitive inhibition and flexibility) in sedentary PD patients and healthy controls.Methods: Two groups, 19 PD patients (Hoehn and Yahr ≤2) and 20 healthy adults, matched on age and sedentary level, followed a 3-month stationary bicycle AET regimen.Results: Aerobic capacity, as well as performance of motor learning and on cognitive inhibition, increased significantly in both groups after the training regimen, but only PD patients improved their walking speed and cadence (all p < 0.05; with no change in the step length). Moreover, in PD patients, training-related improvements in aerobic capacity correlated positively with improvements in walking speed (r = 0.461, p < 0.05).Conclusion: AET using stationary bicycle can independently improve gait and cognitive inhibition in sedentary PD patients. Given that increases in walking speed were obtained through increases in cadence, with no change in step length, our findings suggest that gait improvements are specific to the type of motor activity practiced during exercise (i.e., pedaling). In contrast, the improvements seen in cognitive inhibition were, most likely, not specific to the type of training and they could be due to indirect action mechanisms (i.e., improvement of cardiovascular capacity). These results are also relevant for the development of targeted AET interventions to improve functional autonomy in PD patients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 12-Week Cycling Training Regimen Improves Gait and Executive Functions Concomitantly in People with Parkinson’s Disease

Nadeau

Lungu

Duchesne

et al. 2017

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…Ruitenberg et al . () also argue that the deficient effect of medication might be expressed through decreased explicit awareness to the sequential regularities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Medication also seems to have an effect: Results show that sequence learning can be even more vulnerable in participants on medication than in patients off medication (Kwak, M€ uller, Bohnen, Dayalu, & Seidler, 2010;Kwak et al, 2012;Ruitenberg et al, 2015). Studies of disease severity suggest a larger sequence learning deficit in patients experiencing freezing of gait (Vandenbossche et al, 2013) or less dopaminergic denervation (Kwak, Bohnen, M€ uller, Dayalu, & Seidler, 2013; for an overview, see Ruitenberg et al, 2015). Ruitenberg et al (2015) also argue that the deficient effect of medication might be expressed through decreased explicit awareness to the sequential regularities.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Task characteristics include the length of training, or specific stimulus features, whereas patient characteristics are related to medication status, disease severity, and sequence awareness. Medication also seems to have an effect: Results show that sequence learning can be even more vulnerable in participants on medication than in patients off medication (Kwak, M€ uller, Bohnen, Dayalu, & Seidler, 2010;Kwak et al, 2012;Ruitenberg et al, 2015). Studies of disease severity suggest a larger sequence learning deficit in patients experiencing freezing of gait (Vandenbossche et al, 2013) or less dopaminergic denervation (Kwak, Bohnen, M€ uller, Dayalu, & Seidler, 2013; for an overview, see Ruitenberg et al, 2015).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies of disease severity suggest a larger sequence learning deficit in patients experiencing freezing of gait (Vandenbossche et al, 2013) or less dopaminergic denervation (Kwak, Bohnen, M€ uller, Dayalu, & Seidler, 2013; for an overview, see Ruitenberg et al, 2015). Ruitenberg et al (2015) also argue that the deficient effect of medication might be expressed through decreased explicit awareness to the sequential regularities.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impaired sequential and partially compensated probabilistic skill learning in Parkinson's disease

Kemény

Demeter

Racsmány

et al. 2018

Journal of Neuropsychology

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The striatal dopaminergic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD) has been associated with deficits in skill learning in numerous studies, but some of the findings remain controversial. Our aim was to explore the generality of the learning deficit using two widely reported skill learning tasks in the same group of Parkinson's patients. Thirty-four patients with PD (mean age: 62.83 years, SD: 7.67) were compared to age-matched healthy adults. Two tasks were employed: the Serial Reaction Time Task (SRT), testing the learning of motor sequences, and the Weather Prediction (WP) task, testing non-sequential probabilistic category learning. On the SRT task, patients with PD showed no significant evidence for sequence learning. These results support and also extend previous findings, suggesting that motor skill learning is vulnerable in PD. On the WP task, the PD group showed the same amount of learning as controls, but they exploited qualitatively different strategies in predicting the target categories. While controls typically combined probabilities from multiple predicting cues, patients with PD instead focused on individual cues. We also found moderate to high correlations between the different measures of skill learning. These findings support our hypothesis that skill learning is generally impaired in PD, and can in some cases be compensated by relying on alternative learning strategies.

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Registered report: Does transcranial direct current stimulation of the primary motor cortex improve implicit motor sequence learning in Parkinson's disease?

Firouzi

Baetens

Swinnen

et al. 2021

J of Neuroscience Research

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Implicit motor sequence learning (IMSL) is a cognitive function that is known to be directly associated with impaired motor function in Parkinson's disease (PD).Research on healthy young participants shows the potential for transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a noninvasive brain stimulation technique, over the primary motor cortex (M1) to enhance IMSL. tDCS has direct effects on the underlying cortex, but also induces distant (basal ganglia) network effects-hence its potential value in PD, a prime model of basal ganglia dysfunction. To date, only null effects have been reported in persons with PD. However, these studies did not determine the reacquisition effects, although previous studies in healthy young adults suggest that tDCS specifically exerts its beneficial effects on IMSL on reacquisition rather than acquisition. In the current study, we will therefore establish possible reacquisition effects, which are of a particular interest, as long-term effects are vital for the successful functional rehabilitation of persons with PD. Using a sham-controlled, counterbalanced design, we will investigate the potential of tDCS delivered over M1 to enhance IMSL, as measured by the serial reaction time task, in persons with PD and a neurologically healthy age-and sex-matched control (HC) group. Multilevel Mixed Models will be implemented to analyze the sequence-specific aspect of IMSL (primary outcome) and general learning (secondary outcome). We will determine not only the immediate effects that may occur concurrently with the application of tDCS but also the short-term (5 min post-tDCS) and long-term (1 week post-tDCS) reacquisition effects.

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Sequential movement skill in Parkinson's disease: A state-of-the-art

Cited by 48 publications

References 85 publications

A 12-Week Cycling Training Regimen Improves Gait and Executive Functions Concomitantly in People with Parkinson’s Disease

A 12-Week Cycling Training Regimen Improves Gait and Executive Functions Concomitantly in People with Parkinson’s Disease

Impaired sequential and partially compensated probabilistic skill learning in Parkinson's disease

Registered report: Does transcranial direct current stimulation of the primary motor cortex improve implicit motor sequence learning in Parkinson's disease?

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