Sequential occurrence of small cell and non-small lung cancer in a male patient: Is it a transformation?

Abstract

Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality and is categorized into small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We present a patient with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant-NSCLC who developed metastatic SCLC after initial therapy with second-generation EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, afatinib. A 65-year-old male non-smoker was diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the right lung, stage IVA (M1a). Due to tumor positivity for EGFR-Exon 19 deletion, the patient was started on oral afatinib, which resulted in a partial response. After ten months of treatment, he presented in the office with abdominal pain, distension, weight loss and jaundice. He had diffuse skeletal and hepatic metastases on PET/CT scan with interval progression of his cancer. Although the recurrence of lung adenocarcinoma was suspected, the patient was diagnosed with SCLC on liver biopsy. He received two cycles of chemotherapy and died due to pneumonia and sepsis.

Retracted: Ailanthone exerts an antitumor function on the development of human lung cancer by upregulating microRNA‐195

“…Most lung‐originated cancers, referred to as primary lung cancer, occur in epithelial cells, which are thin and lie on the alveolar surfaces of the lung for gas exchange 3. Clinically, lung cancer is mainly divided into small‐cell lung cancer and non–small cell lung cancer 4,5. Despite the fact that significant progresses have been made in systemic oncology treatments, lung cancer prognosis is far from satisfactory, which drives the need for innovative therapies and methods to treat this disease.…”

“…3 Clinically, lung cancer is mainly divided into small-cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. 4,5 Despite the fact that significant progresses have been made in systemic oncology treatments, lung cancer prognosis is far from satisfactory, which drives the need for innovative therapies and methods to treat this disease.…”

The functional roles of the circRNA/Wnt axis in cancer

“…Lung cancer is the main cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide [248][249][250][251][252]. It can be classified into non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small-cell lung cancer, and NSCLC accounts for the overwhelming majority of lung cancer cases [253][254][255]. Wnt pathwayassociated circRNAs of NSCLC are shown in Table 1 [69,[175][176][177][178][179][180][181][212][213][214][215][216] (Fig.…”