Sequential over-barrier ionization of multi-electron atoms in the tens-to-hundreds keV/u energy range

Abstract

Zou Xian-Rong( ), Liu Lan-Diao( ), Ji Ming-Chao( ),Feng Dong( ), Chen Xi-Meng( ), and Shao Jian-Xiong( )

Multiple ionization of atoms and molecules impacted by very high- q fast projectiles in the strong coupling regime ( q / v > 1)

“…In our previous work, [21][22][23][24] we used the classical over barrier ionization (COBI) model to interpret the doubleionization of helium in a strong coupling regime. Now, we add an independent-event model (IEVM) and the statistical method to the single-electron probability obtained by COBI to obtain the multi-electron ionization probabilities of complex atoms and molecules.…”

Multiple ionization of Ne induced by 10 keV/u–500 keV/u C q + ( q = 1–3) ions

“…We discuss our experimental data based on our ME-COBI model. [21] The values of multiply-to-single ionization ratio R k1 of Ne are measured using the time-of-flight and coincidences technique, and the results are compared with the theoretical estimates. The aim of the present work is to add knowledge about direct multiple ionization in ion-atom collision in a low-to-intermediate collision velocity range.…”

Multiple Ionization of Argon Induced by Carbon Ions at 20–500 keV/u Energies

“…The one is the multiple electron problem and the other one is strong perturbation. [10] It is necessary to improve the understanding of the multiple ionization process in the low-to-intermediate energies. The purpose of this work is to find more knowledge of the multiple ionization process with the multiple electrons target in the strong perturbation region.…”

“…( 7)-( 10), we can obtain the 𝑘th released electron's ionization probability 𝑃 I𝑘 , and the 𝑘-fold ionization cross section 𝜎 𝑘 (𝑏, 𝑣 p ) can be calculated by integrating the above one-electron ionization probabilities for all out-shell electrons at each collision parameter. [10] The multiple ionization crosssection ratio 𝑅 𝑘1 can be given as…”

“…When the projectile approaches the target, the electrons of the target will be released one by one, and the released electron will be ionized when they enter the ionization distance, and the 𝑘th released electron probability is determined by the first electron release probability 𝑃 r1 . [10] The 𝑘-fold ionization probability 𝑃 I𝑘 is calculated by multiplying the ionization probability from the first electron to the 𝑘th electron, and the 𝑃 I𝑘 ∝ ∏︀ 𝑘 𝑖=1 𝑃 I𝑖 ∝ (𝑃 I1 ) 𝑘 ∝ 𝑣 −𝑘 p , and the 𝑘-fold ionization cross section 𝜎 𝑘 is nearly proportional to 𝑣 −𝑘 p . From Eq.…”