Sequential P Fractionation of Relict Anthropogenic Dark Earths of Amazonia

Lehmann, Johannes; Campos, Carla Vabose; Macêdo, J. L. V. de; German, Laura

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-05683-7_8

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…A spectrum of fish bones closely resembled an overall shape of HAP spectrum except that a shoulder at 2,151-2,152 eV (Fig. 4 (c and d); hereafter spectral features are indicated by the figure Lehmann et al (2004). Freely exchangeable inorganic P (Pi)=resin-Pi, adsorbed Pi=bicarbonate-Pi+ hydroxide-Pi, organic P (Po)= bicarbonate-Po+hydroxide-Po, calcium-bound Pi=dilute acid-P, and occluded Pi=concentrated acid-and acid-digested P number and spectral feature letter) appeared slightly less pronounced than that of HAP but slightly better defined than that of OCP (OCP spectrum from Sato et al 2005).…”

Section: Phosphorus Species From Xanes Analysesmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…The studied soils were Anthrosols (Kern et al 2003) and their adjacent soils developed on Oxisols and Spodosols (USDA 1999). Among many different additions, these Anthrosols also received large amounts of biogenic Ca-P in form of fish bones (Lima et al 2002;Lehmann et al 2004;Schaefer et al 2004). The selected sites were occupied at different times in the past (Table 1, modified from Neves et al 2003, EG Neves, unpublished data), which allowed the investigation of effects of pedogenic time on P species and transformation of biogenic Ca-P.…”

Section: Site and Soil Descriptions And Soil Analysesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In addition, A horizon soil samples (Oxisols) from a primary forest site in the central Amazon with the minimum or no anthropogenic influences were used for comparison purpose with the Anthrosols (Lehmann et al 2001). Selected properties of the forest soil were: pH4.1, 21.4% sand, 59.0% clay, 40.6 g kg -1 total organic carbon (C), 4.2 mg kg -1 Mehlich-3 extractable P, and 220 mg kg -1 total P (Lehmann et al 2004).…”

Section: Site and Soil Descriptions And Soil Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in addition to this geogenic Ca-P, soils and sediments may also contain or be enriched with biogenic sources of P (Pattan et al 1995;Lima et al 2002;Lehmann et al 2004;Tarawneh and Moumani 2006). Amazonian Dark Earths (ADEs; i.e., Anthrosols, locally known as Terra Preta de Índio), patchily distributed throughout the Amazon Basin in Brazil, were found to contain microfragments of biogenic apatite in the form of animal bone and fish spine particles of varying morphologies, which were attributed to high P and Ca contents in soils (Lima et al 2002;Schaefer et al 2004).…”

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confidence: 98%

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Biogenic calcium phosphate transformation in soils over millennial time scales

et al. 2009

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Background, aim, and scope Changes in bioavailability of phosphorus (P) during pedogenesis and ecosystem development have been shown for geogenic calcium phosphate (Ca-P). However, very little is known about long-term changes of biogenic Ca-P in soil. Materials and methods Long-term transformation characteristics of biogenic Ca-P were examined using anthropogenic soils along a chronosequence from centennial to millennial time scales. Results and discussion Phosphorus fractionation of Anthrosols resulted in overall consistency with the Walker and Syers model of geogenic Ca-P transformation during pedogenesis. The biogenic Ca-P (e.g., animal and fish bones) disappeared to 3% of total P within the first ca. 2,000 years of soil development. This change concurred with increases in P adsorbed on metal-oxides surfaces, organic P, and occluded P at different pedogenic time. Phosphorus K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy revealed that the crystalline and therefore thermodynamically most stable biogenic Ca-P was transformed into more soluble forms of Ca-P over time. While crystalline hydroxyapatite (34% of total P) dominated Ca-P species after about 600-1,000 years, β-tricalcium phosphate increased to 16% of total P after 900-1,100 years, after which both Ca-P species disappeared. Iron-associated P was observable concurrently with Ca-P disappearance. Soluble P and organic P determined by XANES maintained relatively constant (58-65%) across the time scale studied. Conclusions Disappearance of crystalline biogenic Ca-P on a time scale of a few thousand years appears to be ten times faster than that of geogenic Ca-P.

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Section: Phosphorus Species From Xanes Analysesmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Site and Soil Descriptions And Soil Analysesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Site and Soil Descriptions And Soil Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 98%

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Biogenic calcium phosphate transformation in soils over millennial time scales

et al. 2009

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“…North America [1,17,20,28,32,35,39,52,56,74,76,77, 88e90,99,101,111,115,116,124,144, 153,182,185,186,189,203,220,221, 229,245,246] Central America [6,35,37,53,139,140,157,169,170, 207,224 b ,237 c ] South America [59,61,110,118,126,128,154,180,181] Europe [5,29,34,38,39,42e46,50,51,63e65, 80e82,110,122,124,125,127,135,138, 160e162,164,174,176,177,179,183, 193e196,231] Africa [84,124] Asia/Pacific [24,141,166,219,239,240] a Modified from Holliday [96, table 11.4]. b Good review of chemical analyses of anthrosols.…”

Section: Type Of Study Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%