“…Various heuristic algorithms were adopted to deal with this problem, such as an improving hit-and-run (IHR) algorithm [2], a genetic algorithm (GA) [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]24,25,27,30,31], an ant-colony optimisation (ACO) [14], an evolutionary algorithm (EA) [26,28,29], etc. Specific computational techniques were developed for stacking-sequence design, especially focusing on the blending issue: various parameterization techniques [13,15,28,29], a backtracking method [16][17][18], an outer approximation method for stacking-sequence design coupled with a level set method for layer-shape optimization [32], a global shared-layer blending (GSLB) method [20], a permutation search (PS) [21], and a sequential permutation table method (SPT) [22], etc.…”