2003
DOI: 10.1081/ja-120017391
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Sequential Progression of Substance Use Among Homeless Youth: An Empirical Investigation of the Gateway Theory

Abstract: We examined the sequence of substance-use initiation in 375 street youth (age 13-21) who were interviewed from 1994-99 in Seattle, Washington. Based on the "gateway theory," participants were categorized into six profiles to describe the order in which they initiated use of various substances (i.e., alcohol, marijuana, other drugs), or classified as nonprogressors if they had not tried all three classes of drugs. Youth progressing in the hypothesized gateway order (i.e., alcohol preceding marijuana, followed b… Show more

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Cited by 48 publications
(37 citation statements)
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“…Many young homeless people are raised in family environments characterized by caregiver substance misuse (Fors and Rojek, 1991;Ginzler et al, 2003), and this has been found to be related to youth's own in-volvement in drug related behaviors (Fors and Rojek, 1991;Baron, 1999;Ginzler et al, 2003). For example, Kipke et al (1996) found that one quarter of their sample of homeless young people were first introduced to substance usage by a family member.…”
Section: Family History Correlates Of Risky Behaviormentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Many young homeless people are raised in family environments characterized by caregiver substance misuse (Fors and Rojek, 1991;Ginzler et al, 2003), and this has been found to be related to youth's own in-volvement in drug related behaviors (Fors and Rojek, 1991;Baron, 1999;Ginzler et al, 2003). For example, Kipke et al (1996) found that one quarter of their sample of homeless young people were first introduced to substance usage by a family member.…”
Section: Family History Correlates Of Risky Behaviormentioning
confidence: 99%
“…According to Fors and Rojek (1991) a large portion of their sample of homeless young people were raised in family environments where rates of substance use among parental fig-ures were exceedingly high. Similarly, Ginzler, Cochran, Domenech-Rodriguez, Cauce, and Whitbeck (2003) found that a large number of homeless young people were raised in families where either their father (55%) or their mother (46%) had problems with substance use. According to Fors and Rojek (1991), growing up in substance-abusing families may predispose young people to become substance users themselves.…”
Section: Literature Reviewmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…One critique is that such studies are often derived from population-based samples, which are known to exhibit low prevalence of hard drug use (12,(16)(17). When examining findings from targeted samples of drug users, results show that hard drug users often do not initiate their trajectory with alcohol use, but with marijuana (18)(19)(20)(21). A second critique of studies based on the gateway theory is that most are limited to adolescents.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Finally, policies typically do not respond to period and cohort effects in drug use initiation (20,25). As the drug scene evolves, gateway drugs may change as well (18).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%