Sequential shapeshifting 4D printing: programming the pathway of multi-shape transformation by 3D printing stimuli-responsive polymers

Peng, Bangan; Yang, Yunchong; Cavicchi, Kevin A.

doi:10.1088/2399-7532/abcbe1

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 138 publications

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“…Still images from the video show the distinct points of recovery for each segment, which occurred in accord with the melt temperatures for the particular SA/LA compositions (Figure B). This experiment showcased how subtle changes in local composition can be leveraged to achieve sequential shapeshifting and harness multistimuli-responsive materials that are sensitive to small environmental changes, such as temperature …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Light Processing 3D Printing of Soft Semicrystalline Acrylates with Localized Shape Memory and Stiffness Control

Rylski,

Maraliga,

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Multimaterial three-dimensional (3D) printing of objects with spatially tunable thermomechanical properties and shape-memory behavior provides an attractive approach toward programmable “smart” plastics with applications in soft robotics and electronics. To date, digital light processing 3D printing has emerged as one of the fastest manufacturing methods that maintains high precision and resolution. Despite the common utility of semicrystalline polymers in stimuli-responsive materials, few reports exist whereby such polymers have been produced via digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing. Herein, two commodity long-alkyl chain acrylates (C18, stearyl and C12, lauryl) and mixtures therefrom are systematically examined as neat resin components for DLP 3D printing of semicrystalline polymer networks. Tailoring the stearyl/lauryl acrylate ratio results in a wide breadth of thermomechanical properties, including tensile stiffness spanning three orders of magnitude and temperatures from below room temperature (2 °C) to above body temperature (50 °C). This breadth is attributed primarily to changes in the degree of crystallinity. Favorably, the relationship between resin composition and the degree of crystallinity is quadratic, making the thermomechanical properties reproducible and easily programmable. Furthermore, the shape-memory behavior of 3D-printed objects upon thermal cycling is characterized, showing good fatigue resistance and work output. Finally, multimaterial 3D-printed structures with vertical gradation in composition are demonstrated where concomitant localization of thermomechanical properties enables multistage shape-memory and strain-selective behavior. The present platform represents a promising route toward customizable actuators for biomedical applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Light Processing 3D Printing of Soft Semicrystalline Acrylates with Localized Shape Memory and Stiffness Control

Rylski,

Maraliga,

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…In addition, the complexed morphing is achieved with one homogeneous material, instead of multimaterials. [31][32][33]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomous Off‐Equilibrium Morphing Pathways of a Supramolecular Shape‐Memory Polymer

et al. 2021

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SMP) can only switch monotonically between its temporary and permanent shapes. Advanced hydrogels [11][12][13] incorporating distinct hydrogel components in a composite manner allow access to much more sophisticated shape-shifting behaviors such as reversible buckling. However, the behavior typically requires complex external triggering, for example, two/ more different stimuli. Similarly, multi-SMP capable of complex shifting amongst more than two shapes demands access to multi-step temperature control in both the programming and recovery processes. [14,15] From the standpoint of device applications, shape programming step is typically conducted outside the device deployment/utilization process. Complex programming thus does not compromise the device potential. On the contrary, the necessary conditions to trigger the device deployment may place severe limitation on the practical values. In other words, a mechanism that allows triggering complex shape-shifting with an easily accessible stimulation method is highly desirable. The recently emerged temporal programming comes into sight. [16][17][18] It utilizes time as a naturally available stimulus to control the shape-shifting behavior instead of other conventional physical stimuli such as temperature and pH. Although elegant, the concept suffers from two notable drawbacks. First, its shapeshifting starts immediately after the programming without a controlling mechanism for its onset. Second, accessing complex autonomous shape-shifting behaviors with temporal programming requires imposing correspondingly sophisticated programming forces. Both these limitations arise from the fact that current temporal shape-shifting systems utilize time as the sole programming parameter to control the shape-shifting behavior. [16] With the realization of the universal time-temperature superposition for polymers, we hypothesize that controlling the programming temperature can greatly extend the scope of autonomous shape-shifting. This is non-trivial since temperature control can be achieved digitally in a non-contact spatioselective way via for instance a photothermal mechanism. [19][20][21] We also conjecture that a glass transition below room temperature may allow switching on-off the autonomous shapeshifting. With these thoughts in mind, we design a T g -based network with strong time-temperature dependent ureidopyrimidinone hydrogen bonds (UPy) moieties. [15,[22][23][24][25] Herein, UPy motif is chosen because of its strong quadruple hydrogenThe diverse morphing behaviors of living creatures arise from their unlimited pathways. In contrast, the equilibrium-driven morphing pathways of common synthetic shape-shifting materials are very limited. For a shape-memory polymer (SMP), its recovery from the temporary shape(s) to the permanent shape typically requires external stimulation and follows a single fixed route. Herein, a covalently crosslinked SMP is designed with ample ureidopyrimidinone (UPy) supramolecular moieties in the network. The UPy units endow the SMP with strong time...

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“…Generally, the fluid flow stops at a pH level of 2 whereas restoration occurs at a pH level of 13. [ 170–172 ] Narupai et al. [ 173 ] studied protein‐based hydrogels for programmable structural shape‐changing behavior under the stimulus of temperature, pH, and enzyme.…”

Section: Stimuli Responses In 4d Printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, the fluid flow stops at a pH level of 2 whereas restoration occurs at a pH level of 13. [170][171][172] Narupai et al [173] studied protein-based hydrogels for programmable structural shape-changing behavior under the stimulus of temperature, pH, and enzyme. A methacrylated (MA) bovine serum albumin was introduced as pickering emulsion gels in the presence of N-isopropylacrylamide or 2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate responsible for shapechanging under pH stimulus, as depicted in Figure 11.…”

Section: Ph-based Stimulusmentioning

confidence: 99%

4D Printing: Technological and Manufacturing Renaissance

Khalid

Arif

Ahmed

2022

Macro Materials & Eng

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Shape-memory materials (SMMs) combined with 3D printing to develop dynamic and adaptive products which are responsive to physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These structures are categorized into 4D-printed (4DPed) products which change their shape and properties over time dimension. 4D printing, a novel, multidisciplinary, and futuristic technology is expanding its utilization in different applications including healthcare, space, textile, soft robotics, defence, sports, aerospace, and automotive sectors. This review article focuses on the recent and insightful developments in the 4DP technology of SMMs especially shape-memory polymers. This review also integrates printing technologies, the programming of materials for specific actuating mechanisms, and the most recent applications of 4DPed structures/products. Future perspectives and countless opportunities of this 4DP technology are outlined to address the current challenges which will help evolve and promote this novel technology as the mainstream manufacturing approach for developing real-world products in a myriad of engineering sectors. 4DP technology progresses beyond imagination, since its inception and will promote technological and manufacturing renaissance in the material science field. This technology will profoundly impact manufacturing and daily human life in the future.

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Sequential shapeshifting 4D printing: programming the pathway of multi-shape transformation by 3D printing stimuli-responsive polymers

Cited by 17 publications

References 138 publications

Digital Light Processing 3D Printing of Soft Semicrystalline Acrylates with Localized Shape Memory and Stiffness Control

Digital Light Processing 3D Printing of Soft Semicrystalline Acrylates with Localized Shape Memory and Stiffness Control

Autonomous Off‐Equilibrium Morphing Pathways of a Supramolecular Shape‐Memory Polymer

4D Printing: Technological and Manufacturing Renaissance

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