However, to better integrate those energy sources and applications, proper energy storage and conversion systems are vital. Tremendous efforts have been made to the development of energy systems, mainly including batteries (e.g., lithium batteries, fuel cells) and electrocatalysis (e.g., solid electrolyte, water splitting). [11][12][13][14][15] Nevertheless, these energy systems still face some tough problems and challenges. To realize large scale production, low cost and high efficiency, the development of advanced materials in these energy systems is crucial and indispensable.Porous materials, due to their unique properties and a wide range of applications, have always been a hot topic in research. [16][17][18][19][20] According to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), porous material can be divided into three categories by their pore sizes. That is, microporous when pore size is below 2 nm, mesoporous (2-50 nm) and macroporous (>50 nm). Among them, mesoporous carbon materials have been regarded as promising candidates when applied in many energy systems owing to their large surface area and pore volumes, tunable pore size and channels. [21][22][23] All of these characteristics have their own merits, which can address certain issues in different energy storage and conversion systems. [24][25][26][27] First of all, the large surface area, especially when combined with particular functional groups or certain atoms doping, can provide much more reaction sites and active absorption sites during surface or interface-related reaction such as electrocatalytic process. [28,29] Secondly, large pore volumes can not only accommodate more guest materials as an excellent host but also buffer the volume change and relax the strain during repeated electrochemical reactions in many batteries. [30] Thirdly, the tunable pore size and channels can accelerate ions and intermediate species transport, which improve the reaction rate and assure the complete conversion of reaction. [31,32] Moreover, these mesopores with appropriate size have physical and chemical confinement effect to avoid the loss or aggregation of active materials in some energy storage devices and catalytic processes.On the other hand, in recent years, many freestanding 2D films based on graphene, black phosphorus or transition metal carbide MXenes have been synthesized. [33][34][35] 2D films,