Sequentially-occurring transmission of hepatitis A in a family.

Sato, Takashi

doi:10.1620/tjem.155.387

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Daycare centers and schools play an important role in the transmission network of HAV because of the tendency of children less than 6 years of age to develop asymptomatic infection and spread the disease among susceptible contacts [14]. However, our literature review identified few published reports investigating HAV transmission in the household environment, a favorable location for the exposure of susceptible individuals to infected individuals [15], [16], [17]. Within the domiciliary environment, the virus can spread through intimate contact between family members as seen for several pathogens [18], [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of Hepatitis A Virus Person-to-Person Transmission in Household Outbreaks

et al. 2014

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The person-to-person transmission of the hepatitis A virus primarily occurs in enclosed spaces, particularly in the presence of inadequate hygiene conditions and a high proportion of susceptible individuals. Thus, intimate family contact stands out as a risk factor for HAV infection dissemination. The present study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of household HAV transmission. Blood samples were collected from patients with hepatitis A (index cases) and their family members (contacts) that were referred to an ambulatory care clinic specializing in viral hepatitis. A total of 97 samples were collected from 30 families with a confirmed hepatitis A case (index case). Serological and molecular techniques for the diagnosis of hepatitis A were conducted on all samples. HAV infection (anti-HAV IgM + and/or HAV RNA +) was detected in 34.3% (23/67) of the contacts; 34.3% (23/67) of the contacts were immune to HAV, and 31.4% (21/67) were susceptible. In the household contacts, HAV immunity was significantly associated with older age; susceptibility to infection and HAV infection were associated with younger age. Household outbreaks were detected in 16/30 families studied. Co-circulation of subgenotypes IA and IB was found in the household outbreaks, and person-to-person transmission was evidenced in six of the household outbreaks, with 100% homology between the index case and contact strains. The results demonstrated the relevance of HAV household transmission, reaffirming the need for hepatitis A vaccine administration in susceptible contacts and effective infection control procedures to prevent the extension of household outbreaks.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of Hepatitis A Virus Person-to-Person Transmission in Household Outbreaks

et al. 2014

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“…Person‐to‐person transmission is a main source of HAV infection in developed countries. Several reports implicate intrahousehold transmission as an important factor in the persistence of hepatitis A outbreaks [6,17,18], and case studies describe sequentially occurring hepatitis A in households [19,20]. Yet evaluations of hepatitis A prevention programs have not considered the ability of vaccination to break the chain of transmission.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission of hepatitis A through household contact

Meyerhoff¹,

Jacobs²

2001

Journal of Viral Hepatitis

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In the USA, cost effectiveness assessments support childhood hepatitis A vaccination in geographical areas with elevated disease rates, but not nationally. However, these studies do not address the reduction in disease transmission which may result from routine childhood vaccination. Using decision analysis, we estimated the number and age distribution of secondary hepatitis A cases occurring within households with an index case. Based on the age of the index case, we determined household size and age composition, the proportion of household members susceptible to hepatitis A, the probability of disease transmission, and the likelihood secondarily infected household members would exhibit symptoms. Our model indicates that for every 100 index cases age 6-11 years, 47.2 secondary infections would occur within households, with 23.1 causing overt disease. Lower transmission rates for older index cases reflect smaller household sizes and a higher proportion of household contacts with hepatitis A immunity. When disease transmission rates are applied to a model simulating lifetime risks of hepatitis A, universal vaccination of an annual USA birth cohort is estimated to prevent 24 100 cases of overt disease among household contacts in addition to 71 000 cases among vaccinees. Sensitivity analysis provides a wide range of estimates, but even conservative assumptions suggest routine vaccination would yield an important reduction in secondary cases. Evaluations of hepatitis A prevention should consider the ability of immunization to protect household and other personal contacts.

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Sequentially-occurring transmission of hepatitis A in a family.

Cited by 2 publications

References 2 publications

Evidence of Hepatitis A Virus Person-to-Person Transmission in Household Outbreaks

Evidence of Hepatitis A Virus Person-to-Person Transmission in Household Outbreaks

Transmission of hepatitis A through household contact

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