Sequestration of carbon dioxide (CO2) using red mud

Red mud, which is a solid waste produced in the alumina production process, is classified as dangerous due to its high pH. In this work, the concentration of chlorides was monitored by measuring the conductivity of the anolyte, which initially was distilled water. The steady and nonsteady-state chloride diffusion coefficients were estimated from the "time lag" and "equivalent time" between diffusion and migration experiments. The capillary water absorption, apparent porosity and pore size distribution of concretes were also analyzed. The addition of red mud apparently ensured lower chloride diffusion in the tested mixtures due to its superfine particle-size distribution and its "filler" effect. Red mud lengthened the service life of the concrete to 35 years (double that of the reference concrete). This finding is very positive since it indicates a delay in the onset of the rebar corrosion process caused by the migration of chloride ions.

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“…Distinct concrete mixtures in which cement was partially replaced by red mud (10,20, and 30% in weight) were analyzed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chloride diffusivity in red mud-ordinary portland cement concrete determined by migration tests

2011

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“…One way to avoid some of these drawbacks is to utilize alkaline waste residues. Table 2 summarizes the example of industrial alkaline solid wastes, e.g., coal-and oil shale-fired power plants (Uibu et al, 2009b;Uibu and Kuusik, 2009a;Uibu et al, 2011), steelmaking slag (Huijgen et al, 2005c;Bonenfant et al, 2008; Huijgen et al, 2005c;Bonenfant et al, 2008;Eloneva et al, 2008b;Kodama et al, 2008;Baciocchi et al, 2009b;Doucet, 2010;Chang et al, 2011a, b Air pollution control (APC) residue Khaitan et al, 2009;Yadav et al, 2010 Sludge (incinerator) ash Sewage sludge incinerator ash (SSA) Steel wastewater sludge (SWS) Paper sludge incinerator ash (PSIA) Gunning et al, 2010 Paper pulping and mill waste…”

Section: Alkaline Wastes As Adsorbentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Paper mill waste (calcium mud) Green sludge dreg Lime mud Lime slaker grits Bird and Talberth, 2008;Pérez-López et al, 2008et al, 2008bKodama et al, 2008;Baciocchi et al, 2009b;Doucet, 2010;Chang et al, 2011a, b), municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) ashes (Arickx et al, 2006;FernandezBertos et al, 2004b;Costa et al, 2007;Li et al, 2007;, air pollution control (APC) residues (Baciocchi et al, 2009c;Montes-Hernandez et al, 2009;Nyambura et al, 2011), cement kiln dust (Huntzinger et al, 2009a, b), red mud (RM) (Khaitan et al, 2009;Yadav et al, 2010), paper mill waste (Pérez-López et al, 2008) and even concrete (Haselbach, 2009), etc., as CO 2 adsorbents. Fig.…”

Section: Alkaline Wastes As Adsorbentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CO2 Capture by Accelerated Carbonation of Alkaline Wastes: A Review on Its Principles and Applications

Pan

Chang

Chiang

2012

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

358

193

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CO 2 capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is a promising technology wherein CO 2 is captured and stored in solid form for further utilization instead of being released into the atmosphere in high concentrations. Under this framework, a new process called accelerated carbonation has been widely researched and developed. In this process, alkaline materials are reacted with high-purity CO 2 in the presence of moisture to accelerate the reaction to a timescale of a few minutes or hours. The feedstock for accelerated carbonation includes natural silicate-minerals (e.g., wollastonite, serpentine, and olivine) and industrial residues (e.g., steelmaking slag, municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) ash, and air pollution control (APC) residues). This research article focuses on carbonation technologies that use industrial alkaline wastes, such as steelmaking slags and metalworking wastewater. The carbonation of alkaline solid waste has been shown to be an effective way to capture CO 2 and to eliminate the contents of Ca(OH) 2 in solid residues, thus improving the durability of concrete blended with the carbonated residues. However, the operating conditions must be further studied for both the economic viability of the technology and the optimal conditions for CO 2 reaction.

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“…Raising demand for alumina worldwide has increased the rate of bauxite residue production. Globally, the accumulative storage of bauxite residue has arrived at over 4 billion tons, and is still rapidly increasing [6][7][8], and as yet there is no economic alternative to landfill [9][10][11][12][13]. Therefore, almost all bauxite residue continues to be stored indefinitely in bauxite residue disposal areas (BRDAs) [14,15], which require on-going efforts to manage the waste and lower its potential to contaminate water, occupy land and disturb the surrounding ecology [16][17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8-10) [9,40,42,43]. Furthermore, with consumption of free OH -, Al(OH)4 -will precipitate as gibbsite (Al(OH)3) and possible dawsonite (Eqs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acid transformation of bauxite residue: Conversion of its alkaline characteristics

Kong

Xue

et al. 2017

Journal of Hazardous Materials

150

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Graphical abstractHighlights  Speciation and transformation of solid and soluble alkalinities were investigated. SEM, NEXAFS, and STXM were used to observe particle morphology and alkaline Na speciation and distribution. Gypsum combination promoted leaching of Na-bearing solids and the replacement of exchangeable Na. The use of organic citric acid to transform bauxite residue alkalinity.ABSTRACT: Bauxite residue (BR) is a highly alkaline solid hazardous waste produced from bauxite processing for alumina production. Alkaline transformation appears to reduce the environmental risk of bauxite residue disposal areas (BRDAs) whilst potentially providing opportunities for the sustainable reuse and on-going management of BR. Mineral acids, a novel citric acid and a hybrid combination of acid-gypsum treatments were investigated for their potential to reduce residue pH and total alkalinity and transform the alkaline mineral phase. XRD results revealed that with the exception of andradite, the primary alkaline solid phases of cancrinite, grossular and calcite were transformed into discriminative products based on the transformation used. Supernatants separated from BR and transformed bauxite residue (TBR) displayed distinct changes in soluble Na, Ca and Al, and a reduction in pH and total alkalinity. SEM images suggest that mineral acid transformations promote macro-aggregate formation, and the positive promotion of citric acid, confirming the removal or reduction in soluble and exchangeable Na. NEXAFS analysis of Na K-edge revealed that the chemical speciation of Na in TBRs was consistent with BR.Three acid treatments and gypsum combination had no effect on Na speciation, which affects the distribution of Na revealed by sodium STXM imaging.

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Sequestration of carbon dioxide (CO2) using red mud

Cited by 170 publications

References 29 publications

Chloride diffusivity in red mud-ordinary portland cement concrete determined by migration tests

Chloride diffusivity in red mud-ordinary portland cement concrete determined by migration tests

CO2 Capture by Accelerated Carbonation of Alkaline Wastes: A Review on Its Principles and Applications

Acid transformation of bauxite residue: Conversion of its alkaline characteristics

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